LEGITIMASI CLIMATE LITIGATION GENERASI MUDA, WUJUD KEADILAN ANTARGENERASI (INTERGENERATIONAL EQUITY) DALAM SISTEM HUKUM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/yurisdiksi.v1i2.15086Keywords:
Climate Litigation, Youth Legal Standing, Keadilan Antargenerasi, Citizen Lawsuit, PERMA No. 1 Tahun 2023Abstract
ABSTRACT
Climate change presents increasingly complex legal challenges because its impacts are cumulative, transboundary, and intergenerational, while the legal standing mechanisms under Indonesian environmental law do not fully accommodate the interests of younger generations. The gap between the constitutional recognition of the right to a good and healthy environment and procedural access to justice makes strengthening youth legal standing important to examine. This study aims to analyze the construction of youth legal standing in climate litigation and examine its potential development based on national law, the principle of intergenerational equity, and developments in jurisprudence. This normative legal research employs statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches through analysis of legislation, legal doctrines, and judicial decisions concerning environmental litigation. The findings indicate that young people possess a substantive legal basis under Article 28H(1) of the 1945 Constitution, but have not yet been granted a specific and automatic category of youth legal standing within the national legal system. PERMA No. 1 of 2023 strengthens access to climate justice by recognizing climate and intergenerational justice and developing the Citizen Lawsuit mechanism. Strengthening youth legal standing should integrate constitutional rights, the interests of future generations, climate-related harm or risks, and state obligations within a framework of sustainable environmental protection.
ABSTRAK
Perubahan iklim menghadirkan persoalan hukum yang semakin kompleks karena dampaknya bersifat kumulatif, lintas wilayah, dan lintas generasi, sementara mekanisme legal standing dalam hukum lingkungan Indonesia belum sepenuhnya mengakomodasi kepentingan generasi muda. Kesenjangan antara pengakuan hak konstitusional atas lingkungan hidup yang baik dan sehat dengan akses prosedural terhadap keadilan menjadikan penguatan youth legal standing penting untuk dikaji. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis konstruksi legal standing generasi muda dalam climate litigation serta mengkaji kemungkinan pengembangannya berdasarkan hukum nasional, prinsip keadilan antargenerasi, dan perkembangan yurisprudensi. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan komparatif melalui analisis terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, doktrin hukum, serta putusan pengadilan terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa generasi muda memiliki landasan substantif melalui Pasal 28H ayat (1) UUD 1945, tetapi belum memperoleh kategori youth legal standing yang secara khusus dan otomatis dalam sistem hukum nasional. PERMA No. 1 Tahun 2023 memperkuat akses terhadap keadilan iklim melalui pengakuan keadilan iklim dan antargenerasi serta pengembangan mekanisme Citizen Lawsuit. Penguatan youth legal standing perlu diarahkan pada integrasi hak konstitusional, kepentingan generasi mendatang, kerugian atau risiko iklim, dan kewajiban negara dalam kerangka perlindungan lingkungan berkelanjutan.
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