BATASAN INFORMED CONSENT DAN RISIKO MEDIS: URGENSI STANDARISASI KELALAIAN MEDIK DALAM MENCEGAH KRIMINALISASI TENAGA KESEHATAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/yurisdiksi.v1i2.13773Keywords:
Informed Consent, Kriminalisasi Dokter, Kelalaian Medik, Majelis Disiplin Profesi, Risiko Medis.Abstract
ABSTRACT
The development of healthcare governance in Indonesia has reached a new equilibrium following the enactment of Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health. This study aims to analyze and delineate the conceptual boundaries among informed consent, medical risk, and medical negligence to prevent the criminalization of medical and healthcare professionals. The study employs a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches, supported by legal analysis through systematic interpretation and prescriptive legal reasoning. The findings indicate that Law Number 17 of 2023 strengthens legal certainty by mandating informed consent, reinforcing the role of the Professional Disciplinary Board (Majelis Disiplin Profesi—MDP) as a primum remedium prior to criminal investigation, and promoting medical dispute resolution through a restorative justice approach. The MDP's authority has been reaffirmed by the Constitutional Court Decision Number 156/PUU-XXII/2024. This study proposes a novel conceptual framework that distinguishes medical risk as an inherent consequence of medical treatment from medical negligence as a breach of professional standards. The proposed framework advances the theories of professional medical liability and medical dispute resolution based on evidence-based medicine, thereby strengthening the balance between patient rights protection and legal certainty for medical professionals.
ABSTRACT
Perkembangan tata kelola hukum kesehatan di Indonesia mencapai titik ekuilibrium baru dengan diundangkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dan mendelineasi batas konseptual antara informed consent, medical risk, dan medical negligence guna mencegah kriminalisasi terhadap tenaga medis dan tenaga kesehatan. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan konseptual (conceptual approach), disertai analisis bahan hukum melalui interpretasi sistematis dan penalaran hukum preskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa UU Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 memperkuat kepastian hukum melalui kewajiban informed consent, penguatan peran Majelis Disiplin Profesi (MDP) sebagai primum remedium sebelum penyidikan pidana, serta penyelesaian sengketa melalui restorative justice. Kewenangan MDP tersebut dipertegas melalui Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 156/PUU-XXII/2024. Penelitian ini menghasilkan parameter konseptual baru untuk membedakan medical risk sebagai risiko inheren tindakan medis dan medical negligence sebagai pelanggaran standar profesi. Temuan ini memperkaya teori pertanggungjawaban profesi medis dan penyelesaian sengketa medis berbasis evidence-based medicine, sehingga mendukung keseimbangan antara perlindungan hak pasien dan kepastian hukum bagi profesi medis.
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