SINTESIS GEOPOLITIK GLOBAL, REORGANISASI OLIGARKI, DAN REAKTUALISASI EKONOMI POLITIK PANCASILA DI INDONESIA: MEMBONGKAR TITIK BUTA DEMOKRASI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/yurisdiksi.v1i2.13771Keywords:
Ekonomi Politik, Oligarki, Kapitalisme Negara, Demokrasi, Ekonomi Pancasila.Abstract
ABSTRACT
This scientific article aims to critically analyze shifts in the contemporary political economy landscape at both the global and domestic levels and their impacts on the social life of Indonesian society. This study integrates six theoretical perspectives, namely John J. Mearsheimer, Ian Bremmer, Jeffrey A. Winters, Vedi R. Hadiz and Richard Robison, Mochtar Pabottingi, and Yudhie Haryono, to explain the transformation from free-market liberalism toward hegemonic state capitalism that reinforces domestic oligarchic structures. This research employs a critical literature review method using books and scholarly articles selected based on thematic relevance, which are subsequently analyzed through qualitative content analysis involving data reduction, interpretation, and synthesis. The findings reveal a blind spot in Indonesia’s formal democracy, in which the equality of citizens’ political rights is undermined by material inequality. Patronage networks inherited from the New Order era have also succeeded in reorganizing power within post-Suharto democratic institutions, resulting in the commercialization of strategic sectors, such as higher education and public healthcare, as well as increasing societal vulnerability to micro-financial crises through fintech and online lending. Unlike previous studies that tend to examine oligarchy or state capitalism separately, this article offers an integrative synthesis of six theoretical perspectives as a conceptual contribution to revitalizing Pancasila Political Economy in strengthening popular sovereignty and equitable public governance.
ABSTRACT
Artikel ilmiah ini bertujuan menganalisis secara kritis pergeseran lanskap ekonomi politik kontemporer pada level global dan domestik serta dampaknya terhadap kehidupan sosial masyarakat Indonesia. Kajian ini mengintegrasikan enam perspektif teoretis, yaitu John J. Mearsheimer, Ian Bremmer, Jeffrey A. Winters, Vedi R. Hadiz dan Richard Robison, Mochtar Pabottingi, serta Yudhie Haryono, untuk menjelaskan transformasi liberalisme pasar bebas menuju kapitalisme negara hegemonik yang memperkuat struktur oligarki domestik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan kritis dengan sumber data berupa buku dan artikel ilmiah yang dipilih berdasarkan relevansi tema, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis konten kualitatif melalui reduksi, interpretasi, dan sintesis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya titik buta (blind spot) dalam demokrasi formal Indonesia, di mana kesetaraan hak politik warga negara terdegradasi oleh ketimpangan material. Jaringan patronase warisan Orde Baru juga berhasil melakukan reorganisasi kekuasaan dalam institusi demokrasi pasca-Suharto yang berdampak pada komersialisasi sektor strategis, seperti pendidikan tinggi dan kesehatan publik, serta meningkatnya kerentanan masyarakat terhadap krisis finansial mikro melalui fintech dan pinjaman daring. Berbeda dengan kajian sebelumnya yang cenderung membahas oligarki atau kapitalisme negara secara parsial, artikel ini menawarkan sintesis integratif enam perspektif teoretis sebagai kontribusi konseptual untuk mereaktualisasikan Ekonomi Politik Pancasila dalam memperkuat kedaulatan rakyat dan tata kelola publik yang berkeadilan.
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