TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP PRAKTIK JUAL BELI ONLINE DI ERA DIGITAL

Abstract

ABSTRACT

The rapid development of information technology has accelerated the growth of online buying and selling (e-commerce), providing greater convenience and efficiency in commercial transactions. However, this development has also raised various legal issues, including unclear contractual agreements, fraud, breach of contract, and inadequate protection of the rights and obligations of the parties involved. Existing studies on e-commerce have primarily focused on positive law, while comprehensive analyses from the perspective of Islamic law remain limited. This study aims to analyze online buying and selling practices from the perspective of Islamic law and evaluate their compliance with Sharia principles. This research employed a normative legal approach through library research by examining the Qur'an, Hadith, Islamic legal maxims, and relevant scholarly literature. The findings indicate that online transactions are permissible under Islamic law provided that they fulfill the essential elements and conditions of a valid contract, ensure transparency of the transaction object, are conducted with mutual consent, and are free from riba (usury), gharar (uncertainty), maisir (gambling), and fraud. This study contributes to strengthening the application of the principles of justice, honesty, trustworthiness, and responsibility as the foundation of Sharia-compliant digital transactions. Therefore, e-commerce transactions can be considered legally valid under Islamic law when these principles are consistently implemented, thereby promoting legal certainty and protecting the interests of all parties in the digital era.

ABSTRAK

Perkembangan teknologi informasi telah mendorong pesatnya praktik jual beli online (e-commerce) yang memberikan kemudahan dalam bertransaksi. Namun, perkembangan tersebut juga menimbulkan berbagai persoalan hukum, seperti ketidakjelasan akad, penipuan, wanprestasi, dan perlindungan hak para pihak. Kajian mengenai transaksi e-commerce masih lebih banyak berfokus pada hukum positif, sehingga analisis berdasarkan prinsip hukum Islam masih memerlukan penguatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis praktik jual beli online dalam perspektif hukum Islam serta menilai kesesuaiannya dengan prinsip-prinsip syariah. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan kepustakaan melalui analisis Al-Qur'an, Hadis, kaidah fikih, dan literatur terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jual beli online diperbolehkan selama memenuhi rukun dan syarat akad, menjamin kejelasan objek transaksi, dilakukan secara sukarela, transparan, serta bebas dari unsur riba, gharar, maisir, dan penipuan. Penelitian ini berkontribusi memperkuat penerapan prinsip keadilan, kejujuran, amanah, dan tanggung jawab sebagai landasan transaksi digital yang sesuai dengan syariah. Dengan demikian, praktik e-commerce dapat dinyatakan sah menurut hukum Islam apabila seluruh prinsip tersebut diterapkan secara konsisten sehingga mampu mewujudkan kepastian hukum dan perlindungan bagi para pihak di era digital.