REORGANISASI DOKTRIN ORIGINALITY DAN STATUS OWNERSHIP KARYA GENERATIF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: KAJIAN YURIDIS KOMPARATIF, SOSIOLOGI, DAN ONTOLOGI HUKUM HAK CIPTA

Authors

  • Anis Mashdurohatun Universitas Islam Sultan Agung
  • Yudhi Hertanto Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51878/yurisdiksi.v1i2.15088

Keywords:

Human Authorship, Originality, AI-Generated Works, Text and Data Mining, Hak Cipta

Abstract

ABSTRACT

The development of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) creates a gap in copyright law because traditional frameworks on authorship, originality, and ownership do not address AI-generated works or the use of copyrighted works as training data. This matters because regulatory differences across jurisdictions may create uncertainty for creators while affecting the development of AI innovation. This study aims to analyze the reorganization of human authorship and originality doctrines and the construction of ownership of AI-generated works through comparisons of the United States, China, the European Union, and Indonesia, including Text and Data Mining (TDM) regulation. The study uses normative/doctrinal research using statutory, conceptual, comparative, and philosophical approaches, with legal sociology serving as an analytical framework for examining GenAI’s social impacts. The findings show that the United States emphasizes human creative contribution, China adopts a more accommodating approach toward AI outputs containing human intellectual contribution, while the European Union provides a more structured framework for TDM and training-data transparency. Indonesia lacks regulation on AI-generated works and TDM. The study concludes that Indonesian copyright reform should integrate human creative contribution, TDM, transparency, ownership, and protection of creative workers within an adaptive regulatory framework.

ABSTRAK

Perkembangan Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) menimbulkan kesenjangan dalam hukum hak cipta karena kerangka tradisional mengenai pencipta, orisinalitas, dan kepemilikan belum sepenuhnya menjawab status karya yang dihasilkan melalui sistem AI serta penggunaan karya sebagai data pelatihan. Persoalan ini penting dikaji karena perbedaan regulasi antarnegara dapat menimbulkan ketidakpastian perlindungan pencipta sekaligus memengaruhi perkembangan inovasi AI. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis reorganisasi doktrin human authorship dan originality serta konstruksi kepemilikan AI-generated works melalui perbandingan Amerika Serikat, Tiongkok, Uni Eropa, dan Indonesia, termasuk pengaturan Text and Data Mining (TDM). Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif/doktrinal dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, komparatif, dan filsafat hukum, dengan perspektif sosiologi hukum sebagai kerangka analitis dampak sosial GenAI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Amerika Serikat menekankan kontribusi kreatif manusia, Tiongkok lebih akomodatif terhadap output AI yang memuat kontribusi intelektual manusia, sedangkan Uni Eropa lebih terstruktur dalam mengatur TDM dan transparansi data pelatihan. Indonesia belum memiliki pengaturan khusus mengenai AI-generated works dan TDM. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa reformasi hukum Indonesia perlu mengintegrasikan human creative contribution, TDM, transparansi, kepemilikan, dan perlindungan pekerja kreatif dalam kerangka regulasi yang adaptif, proporsional, mampu menjaga keseimbangan antara kepentingan pencipta, pemegang hak, pengembang teknologi, serta masyarakat dalam ekosistem kreatif digital.

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Published

2026-08-21

How to Cite

Mashdurohatun, A., & Hertanto, Y. (2026). REORGANISASI DOKTRIN ORIGINALITY DAN STATUS OWNERSHIP KARYA GENERATIF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: KAJIAN YURIDIS KOMPARATIF, SOSIOLOGI, DAN ONTOLOGI HUKUM HAK CIPTA. YURISDIKSI : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Humaniora, 1(2), 253–267. https://doi.org/10.51878/yurisdiksi.v1i2.15088

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