DIALEKTIKA KEMANUSIAAN KONTEMPORER: SINTESIS FILOSOFIS PEMIKIRAN VICTOR HUGO, ERNEST HEMINGWAY, DAN MILAN KUNDERA TERHADAP KRISIS SOSIO-EKSISTENSIAL MODERN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/yurisdiksi.v1i2.14456Keywords:
Victor Hugo, Ernest Hemingway, Milan Kundera, Humanisme, Krisis Kemanusiaan, Kritik SosialAbstract
ABSTRACT
The 21st century has brought various humanitarian challenges related to social inequality, individual alienation, information manipulation, and the crisis of meaning amid the development of late capitalism and digital transformation. These conditions demonstrate the need for studies that connect social criticism, existential experience, and the problem of truth from a literary perspective, which have rarely been synthesized comprehensively through the ideas of Victor Hugo, Ernest Hemingway, and Milan Kundera. This study aims to analyze and synthesize the humanistic ideas reflected in the works of these three authors and examine their relevance to contemporary social and existential issues. The study employs a qualitative descriptive approach using philosophical hermeneutics and intertextual analysis conducted through the identification of major themes, interpretation of socio-existential ideas, comparison across texts, and conceptual synthesis of the findings from the three authors. The results show that Hugo emphasizes social justice and human solidarity as foundations for criticizing inequality and marginalization, Hemingway portrays individual resilience in confronting pressure, suffering, and alienation, while Kundera reveals the manipulation of memory, the loss of complexity in human experience, and the aestheticization of reality through kitsch. The synthesis of these three perspectives produces a conceptual framework that connects social reform, individual resilience, and critical awareness of the production and manipulation of knowledge. Thus, the perspectives of these three authors can be understood as complementary sources for interpreting contemporary humanitarian crises, although the resulting framework remains conceptual and has not been empirically validated.
ABSTRAK
Abad ke-21 menghadirkan berbagai persoalan kemanusiaan yang berkaitan dengan ketimpangan sosial, alienasi individu, manipulasi informasi, dan krisis makna di tengah perkembangan kapitalisme lanjut serta transformasi digital. Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan perlunya kajian yang menghubungkan kritik sosial, pengalaman eksistensial, dan persoalan kebenaran dalam perspektif sastra, yang masih relatif jarang disintesiskan secara terpadu melalui pemikiran Victor Hugo, Ernest Hemingway, dan Milan Kundera. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dan mensintesiskan gagasan kemanusiaan dalam karya ketiga sastrawan tersebut untuk merumuskan relevansinya terhadap persoalan sosial dan eksistensial kontemporer. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif-kualitatif dengan hermeneutika filosofis dan analisis intertekstual yang dilakukan melalui identifikasi tema utama, interpretasi gagasan sosial-eksistensial, perbandingan antarteks, serta sintesis konseptual terhadap temuan ketiga pengarang. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Hugo menempatkan keadilan sosial dan solidaritas kemanusiaan sebagai dasar kritik terhadap ketimpangan dan marginalisasi, Hemingway menampilkan keteguhan individu dalam menghadapi tekanan, penderitaan, dan keterasingan, sedangkan Kundera mengungkap persoalan manipulasi ingatan, hilangnya kompleksitas pengalaman manusia, dan kecenderungan estetisasi realitas melalui kitsch. Sintesis ketiga perspektif tersebut menghasilkan kerangka konseptual yang menghubungkan reformasi sosial, ketahanan individu, dan sikap kritis terhadap produksi serta manipulasi pengetahuan. Dengan demikian, pemikiran ketiga sastrawan tersebut dapat dipahami sebagai sumber perspektif komplementer untuk membaca krisis kemanusiaan kontemporer, meskipun kerangka yang dihasilkan bersifat konseptual dan belum merupakan model yang tervalidasi secara empiris.
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