REKONSTRUKSI HUKUM NASIONAL BERBASIS MAQASHID AL-SYARIAH: SINTESIS EPISTEMOLOGIS MENJAWAB PROBLEMATIKA HUKUM KONTEMPORER DI INDONESIA

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Indonesia's national legal system continues to grapple with a paradigmatic tension between formal certainty and substantive justice due to the entrenched hegemony of legalistic positivism inherited from the continental civil law tradition. This formalistic approach divorces statutory norms from ethical-moral considerations, prophetic dimensions, and empirical sociological realities, thereby inducing rigid mechanical jurisprudence that fails to adequately resolve contemporary legal disruptions. This article aims to reconstruct the epistemology of Indonesian national law by integrating contemporary Maqashid al-Shariah to forge a responsive, adaptive, and substantively just legal framework. Employing a normative-juridical research method with conceptual, statutory, and interdisciplinary socio-legal approaches, this study builds a layered theoretical synthesis comprising John Rawls' Theory of Distributive Justice (grand theory), Romli Atmasasmita's Integrative Legal Theory assimilating Mochtar Kusumaatmadja and Satjipto Rahardjo (middle theory), and Maqashid al-Shariah Epistemology (applied theory), operated through Jasser Auda's Systems Approach and Tariq Ramadan's Radical Reform. The findings reveal that the inadequacies of positive law in addressing family property disputes, child custody rigidities, asset recovery stalemates in corruption cases, and digital Islamic financial superficiality stem from an epistemological gap and a legal gap. As a scientific novelty, this study formulates the Integrative-Teleological Dialectic Model alongside four novel legal propositions that validate empirical-scientific realities as material sources of law and legitimize progressive judicial activism (contra legem) anchored in the doctrine of inzibat al-maslahah. This reconstruction demonstrates that maqashid integration reinforces substantive legal certainty while actualizing the universal ethos of Islam as rahmatan lil-'alamin.

ABSTRAK

Penelitian mengenai rekonstruksi hukum nasional berbasis Maqashid al-Syariah masih cenderung berjalan terpisah antara kritik terhadap positivisme hukum, pengembangan hukum progresif, dan pembaruan hukum Islam, sehingga belum menghasilkan kerangka epistemologis yang mengintegrasikan validitas formal, realitas empiris, keadilan substantif, dan tujuan kemaslahatan. Kesenjangan tersebut penting dikaji karena kompleksitas sengketa keluarga, pemulihan aset korupsi, dan transaksi digital syariah menunjukkan bahwa kepastian normatif tidak selalu identik dengan keadilan substantif. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kelemahan epistemologis dan yuridis hukum positif Indonesia, mengintegrasikan Maqashid al-Syariah dengan teori hukum nasional, serta merumuskan model dan proposisi hukum baru bagi pembaruan hukum yang responsif dan berkeadilan. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis-normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, kasus, filosofis, dan komparatif. Bahan hukum dianalisis secara kualitatif-normatif melalui pemetaan norma, identifikasi epistemological gap dan legal gap, interpretasi teleologis-sistemik, sintesis teori, dan konstruksi konseptual. Hasil penelitian menghasilkan Model Dialektika Integratif-Teleologis, empat proposisi hukum teoretis-normatif, dan Maqashid Impact Assessment sebagai instrumen evaluatif. Kesimpulannya, integrasi Maqashid al-Syariah dapat memperkuat kepastian hukum substantif dengan menjadikan legalitas sebagai batas, konteks sebagai sumber pemahaman, dan kemaslahatan sebagai orientasi pembaruan hukum nasional. Model tersebut berpotensi menjadi kerangka evaluasi kebijakan dan penalaran yudisial, meskipun pengujian empiris serta implementasi sektoral tetap diperlukan.