DESAKRALISASI DAN KOMODIFIKASI RUANG: DIALEKTIKA NILAI BUDAYA DAN NILAI EKONOMI PADA PEMANFAATAN MATA AIR PADUSAN, PACET, MOJOKERTO SEBAGAI DESTINASI WISATA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/social.v6i2.10564Keywords:
Desakralisasi, Komodifikasi, Ruang Sakral, Pariwisata Berkelanjutan, PadusanAbstract
This study is motivated by the phenomenon of the desacralization and commodification of space occurring at the Padusan Spring in Pacet, Mojokerto, which originally held sacred, spiritual, and cultural value but has undergone a transformation into a tourism-based economic space. The focus of this study is to analyze changes in the meaning and function of sacred space and to understand the dialectic between cultural and economic values in its utilization as a tourist destination. This study employs a qualitative approach using a critical ethnography design and Henri Lefebvre’s theory of the production of space. Data collection techniques include participant observation, in-depth interviews, documentary analysis, and netnography, with data analysis conducted interactively and through a dialectical approach (thesis, antithesis, synthesis). The research findings indicate a shift in the meaning of space from the sacred to the commodified, a transformation of the community’s economic structure from an agrarian to a service sector, and the emergence of inequalities in access and spatial contestation between local actors and large investors. Additionally, there has been a shift toward transactional social relations; however, the community continues to uphold traditions as a form of cultural resistance. This study concludes that the utilization of the Padusan space is a dialectical process between cultural and economic interests; therefore, a participatory and equitable community-based management model is needed to maintain a balance between the preservation of cultural values and economic sustainability.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh fenomena desakralisasi dan komodifikasi ruang yang terjadi pada Mata Air Padusan di Pacet, Mojokerto, yang semula memiliki nilai sakral, spiritual, dan kultural, namun mengalami transformasi menjadi ruang ekonomi berbasis pariwisata. Fokus penelitian ini adalah menganalisis perubahan makna dan fungsi ruang sakral serta memahami dialektika antara nilai budaya dan nilai ekonomi dalam pemanfaatannya sebagai destinasi wisata. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain etnografi kritis dan kerangka teori produksi ruang Henri Lefebvre. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi partisipan, wawancara mendalam, studi dokumentasi, dan netnografi, dengan analisis data secara interaktif serta pendekatan dialektika (tesis, antitesis, sintesis). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi pergeseran makna ruang dari sakral ke komoditas, transformasi struktur ekonomi masyarakat dari agraris ke sektor jasa, serta munculnya ketimpangan akses dan kontestasi ruang antara aktor lokal dan pemodal besar. Selain itu, terjadi perubahan pola relasi sosial yang cenderung transaksional, namun di sisi lain masyarakat tetap mempertahankan tradisi sebagai bentuk resistensi kultural. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pemanfaatan ruang Padusan merupakan proses dialektis antara kepentingan budaya dan ekonomi, sehingga diperlukan model pengelolaan berbasis masyarakat yang partisipatif dan berkeadilan guna menjaga keseimbangan antara pelestarian nilai budaya dan keberlanjutan ekonomi.
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