PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY LEARNING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPAS PESERTA DIDIK KELAS IV SD PLUS CAHAYA BUDAYA

Abstract

IPAS learning on plant reproduction requires active student engagement so that concepts are understood not merely through memorization but through observation, exploration, and discovery. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the Discovery Learning model on the IPAS learning outcomes of fourth-grade students at SD Plus Cahaya Budaya, particularly on the topic of plant reproduction. This quantitative study employed a pre-experimental method with a One Group Pretest-Posttest design. The participants were 14 fourth-grade students selected using a saturated sampling technique. Data were collected through observation and a learning achievement test. The test instrument was subjected to expert validation as well as validity and reliability testing before being administered. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test and a Paired Sample t-Test with the assistance of IBM SPSS Statistics version 24. The results showed that the mean learning outcome increased from 47.1 in the pretest to 74.2 in the posttest, representing an increase of 27.1 points. The Paired Sample t-Test yielded a t value of -6.592 with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating a significant difference between students' learning outcomes before and after the implementation of the Discovery Learning model. These findings indicate that Discovery Learning had a positive effect on students' IPAS learning outcomes, although causal interpretation should take into account the limitation of the one-group design without a control group. Therefore, Discovery Learning can be considered an alternative approach to IPAS instruction that encourages active student engagement in discovering and understanding concepts.

ABSTRAK

Pembelajaran IPAS pada materi perkembangbiakan tumbuhan memerlukan keterlibatan aktif peserta didik agar konsep tidak hanya dipahami melalui hafalan, tetapi melalui proses pengamatan, eksplorasi, dan penemuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh model pembelajaran Discovery Learning terhadap hasil belajar IPAS peserta didik kelas IV SD Plus Cahaya Budaya pada materi perkembangbiakan tumbuhan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain One Group Pretest-Posttest pada jenis penelitian pre-experiment. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 14 peserta didik kelas IV yang ditentukan menggunakan teknik sampling jenuh. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan tes hasil belajar. Instrumen tes telah melalui validasi ahli serta uji validitas dan reliabilitas sebelum digunakan. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji normalitas Shapiro-Wilk dan Paired Sample t-Test dengan bantuan IBM SPSS Statistics versi 24. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata hasil belajar meningkat dari 47,1 pada pretest menjadi 74,2 pada posttest, dengan peningkatan sebesar 27,1 poin. Hasil Paired Sample t-Test menunjukkan nilai t = -6,592 dengan signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05, sehingga terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara hasil belajar sebelum dan sesudah penerapan model Discovery Learning. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan Discovery Learning memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap hasil belajar IPAS peserta didik, meskipun interpretasi kausalitas perlu mempertimbangkan keterbatasan desain tanpa kelompok kontrol. Model Discovery Learning dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai alternatif pembelajaran IPAS yang mendorong keterlibatan aktif peserta didik dalam menemukan dan memahami konsep.