MENAKAR KEGILAAN STRUKTURAL: DIALEKTIKA PEMIKIRAN ERICH FROMM, MICHEL FOUCAULT, DAN PETER MORRALL DALAM KRITIK MASYARAKAT MODERN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/paedagogy.v6i4.15893Keywords:
Sosiologi Kesehatan Mental, Neoliberalisme, Alienasi Eksistensial, Patologi Normalitas, Genealogi Kekuasaan, Insane SocietyAbstract
The contemporary global mental health crisis is frequently reduced to individual biological deficits, neurological malfunctions, or neurochemical imbalances exclusively resolvable via private pharmacological interventions. This article challenges such biomedical reductions by dialectically synthesizing three macro sociological-philosophical frameworks: Erich Fromm's radical humanism in The Sane Society, Michel Foucault's archeology-genealogy of power in History of Madness, and Peter Morrall's critical sociology of mental health in Insane Society. Employing a qualitative desk-research design rooted in critical hermeneutics and comparative-conceptual analysis, literature selection was conducted using purposive sampling on primary corpuses and peer-reviewed secondary sources. The study investigates how the structural organization of modern society, dominated by late capitalism and neoliberal governance, systematically engineers existential pathologies. The findings reveal that contemporary mental distress constitutes an acute manifestation of market alienation (Fromm), a disciplinary normalization of human bodies for capitalist production (Foucault), and a systemic dysfunction of an intrinsically disordered society (Morrall). Furthermore, mainstream mental health awareness discourses operate as depoliticizing apparatuses that privatize structural suffering into personal coping failures. Resolving this crisis necessitates radical socio-political and macroeconomic structural transformations rather than privatized emotional commodification.
ABSTRAK
Krisis kesehatan mental global kontemporer kerap kali direduksi menjadi sekadar persoalan biologis individual, malfungsi neurologis, atau ketidakseimbangan kimiawi otak yang solusinya bertumpu pada intervensi farmakologis privat. Artikel ini menggugat simplifikasi biomedis tersebut dengan mengintegrasikan secara dialektis tiga kerangka sosiologis-filosofis makro, yakni humanisme radikal Erich Fromm melalui The Sane Society, arkeologi-genealogi kekuasaan Michel Foucault dalam History of Madness, serta sosiologi kesehatan mental kontemporer Peter Morrall lewat Insane Society. Menggunakan metode kualitatif studi kepustakaan (desk research) berbasis hermeneutika kritis dan analisis komparatif-konseptual, penentuan literatur dilakukan melalui teknik penarikan sampel bertujuan (purposive sampling) pada korpus teks primer dan sekunder bereputasi. Studi ini membedah bagaimana pola kehidupan struktural masyarakat modern, khususnya yang diatur di bawah hegemoni kapitalisme akhir dan neoliberalisme, secara inheren memproduksi patologi eksistensial. Hasil kajian menegaskan bahwa distres mental era kekinian merupakan manifestasi konkret alienasi pasar (Fromm), instrumen pendisiplinan serta normalisasi tubuh agar patuh pada mesin produksi (Foucault), dan disfungsi struktural total dari tatanan sosial yang secara sistemik sakit (Morrall). Wacana popular kesadaran kesehatan mental (mental health awareness) terbukti bertindak sebagai aparatus depolitisasi yang menundukkan penderitaan struktural menjadi kegagalan adaptasi privat. Resolusi komprehensif atas krisis mental kontemporer menuntut transformasi radikal pada struktur sosiopolitik dan ekonomi makro demi mengembalikan integritas serta otentisitas kemanusiaan.
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