HUBUNGAN STIGMA MASYARAKAT DENGAN DUKUNGAN SOSIAL TERHADAP ODGJ DI KELURAHAN HELVETIA TENGAH MEDAN

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Social relationships between communities and individuals with mental disorders are an important aspect of the recovery process because social acceptance can influence their continued participation in society. However, the persistence of stigma within communities makes the pattern of social support received by individuals with mental disorders a phenomenon that requires further investigation. This study examined the relationship between community stigma and social support toward people with mental disorders in Helvetia Tengah Urban Village, Medan City. A quantitative approach with a correlational design was employed involving 350 community members who had interacted with people with mental disorders, selected through purposive sampling based on the Isaac and Michael table. Data were collected using a stigma scale based on the dimensions proposed by Link and Phelan (2001) and a social support scale developed from Sarafino and Smith’s (2014) framework. The data were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment correlation with the assistance of IBM SPSS Statistics version 20.0 after conducting normality and linearity tests. The findings revealed a positive and significant relationship between community stigma and social support toward people with mental disorders, with a low level of correlation strength. These results indicate that the presence of stigma does not directly determine reduced social support, as other factors, such as social experiences, knowledge, and community environments, also contribute to shaping supportive behaviors. Strengthening community-based mental health services, public education, and family empowerment are essential strategies to promote more optimal social support for people with mental disorders.

ABSTRAK

Hubungan sosial antara masyarakat dan orang dengan gangguan jiwa (ODGJ) menjadi salah satu aspek penting dalam proses pemulihan karena penerimaan lingkungan dapat menentukan keberlanjutan partisipasi sosial mereka. Namun, keberadaan stigma yang masih melekat di masyarakat menjadikan pola dukungan sosial terhadap ODGJ sebagai fenomena yang perlu dikaji lebih mendalam. Penelitian ini mengkaji keterkaitan antara stigma masyarakat dan dukungan sosial terhadap ODGJ di Kelurahan Helvetia Tengah, Kota Medan. Pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain korelasional digunakan pada 350 masyarakat yang pernah berinteraksi dengan ODGJ, dengan pemilihan responden melalui teknik purposive sampling berdasarkan tabel Isaac dan Michael. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan skala stigma yang mengacu pada Link dan Phelan (2001) serta skala dukungan sosial berdasarkan Sarafino dan Smith (2014). Data dianalisis menggunakan korelasi Pearson Product Moment dengan bantuan IBM SPSS Statistics versi 20.0 setelah melalui pengujian normalitas dan linearitas. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya hubungan positif dan signifikan antara stigma masyarakat dan dukungan sosial terhadap ODGJ dengan tingkat hubungan yang rendah. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan stigma tidak secara langsung menentukan rendahnya dukungan sosial, karena terdapat faktor lain seperti pengalaman sosial, pengetahuan, dan lingkungan komunitas yang turut berperan. Penguatan layanan kesehatan jiwa berbasis masyarakat, edukasi, serta pemberdayaan keluarga menjadi strategi penting untuk menciptakan dukungan sosial yang lebih optimal bagi ODGJ.