HUBUNGAN FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN DENGAN PREVALENSI INFEKSI SALURAN PERNAPASAN AKUT PADA MASYARAKAT DI DESA DEBOS, KECAMATAN SUAI, KABUPATEN COVALIMA, TIMOR-LESTE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/healthy.v5i4.14241Keywords:
ISPA, FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN, IKLIM PANAS EKSTREM, BAHAN BAKAR PADAT, KEPADATAN HUNIANAbstract
ABSTRACT
Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) remains a major public health problem with a high prevalence, particularly in areas where environmental conditions and household behaviors are not conducive to good health. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between environmental factors and the incidence of ARI among residents of Debos Village, Suai Subdistrict, Covalima Municipality, Timor-Leste. A quantitative analytical study with a cross-sectional design was employed. A total of 200 respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using the Chi-square test to determine the association between environmental factors and ARI incidence. The results showed that the prevalence of ARI was 79.5%. Variables that were significantly associated with ARI incidence included the use of solid fuels (p = 0.004), household crowding (p = 0.007), smoking inside the house (p = 0.010), and exposure to extreme hot weather (p = 0.004). In contrast, open waste burning and household ventilation were not significantly associated with ARI incidence. The use of solid fuels and exposure to extreme hot weather were the most statistically significant factors associated with ARI. This study concludes that environmental factors and household behaviors play an important role in increasing the risk of ARI. Therefore, environmental health interventions are needed through improving housing quality, promoting the use of cleaner household fuels, and providing community education to support ARI prevention and control.
ABSTRAK
Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat dengan prevalensi yang tinggi, terutama pada wilayah yang memiliki kondisi lingkungan dan perilaku rumah tangga yang kurang mendukung kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan faktor lingkungan dengan kejadian ISPA pada masyarakat di Desa Debos, Kecamatan Suai, Kabupaten Covalima, Timor-Leste. Penelitian menggunakan desain kuantitatif analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sebanyak 200 responden dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner terstruktur dan dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-square untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara faktor lingkungan dengan kejadian ISPA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi ISPA sebesar 79,5%. Variabel yang terbukti berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian ISPA meliputi penggunaan bahan bakar padat (p = 0,004), kepadatan hunian (p = 0,007), kebiasaan merokok di dalam rumah (p = 0,010), dan paparan iklim panas ekstrem (p = 0,004). Sebaliknya, pembakaran sampah terbuka dan kondisi ventilasi rumah tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan dengan kejadian ISPA. Penggunaan bahan bakar padat dan paparan iklim panas ekstrem merupakan faktor dengan tingkat signifikansi tertinggi terhadap kejadian ISPA. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa faktor lingkungan dan perilaku rumah tangga berperan penting dalam meningkatkan risiko ISPA, sehingga diperlukan intervensi kesehatan berbasis lingkungan melalui perbaikan kualitas hunian, penggunaan bahan bakar yang lebih bersih, serta edukasi masyarakat untuk mendukung pencegahan dan pengendalian ISPA.
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