COLLEGE STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS ON THE USE OF CHATGPT FOR ARGUMENTATIVE WRITING
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/edutech.v6i4.15090Keywords:
Chatgpt; Argumentative Writing; EFL Learners; Critical Thinking; AI DependencyAbstract
The rapid adoption of ChatGPT among English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners has raised both pedagogical enthusiasm and concern, particularly in argumentative writing, a genre that depends heavily on independent reasoning and balanced argumentation. This study examines how EFL college students perceive and experience the use of ChatGPT when composing argumentative essays, with particular attention to its benefits, challenges, and influence on critical thinking. A qualitative case study design was employed, involving four English Education students at a college in Garut who had been screened through a preliminary questionnaire as active ChatGPT users. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis procedures. The findings show that participants consistently used ChatGPT for idea development, grammar correction, vocabulary enrichment, and structuring pro–con arguments, and perceived clear improvements in coherence, cohesion, and lexical quality. However, participants also reported challenges such as generic or robotic output, prompt-dependent accuracy, occasional topic drift, and a growing sense of dependency that narrowed creative exploration for some users. Critical thinking was not perceived as uniformly weakened; rather, it was preserved or even strengthened when students actively verified, compared, and revised suggestions, but was put at risk when suggestions were accepted uncritically. The study concludes that ChatGPT functions less as an author and more as a scaffolding partner whose pedagogical value is contingent on students' metacognitive regulation and prompting literacy. These findings offer practical implications for EFL writing instruction, particularly the need to cultivate deliberate, reflective, and verification-based AI integration.
ABSTRAK
Adopsi ChatGPT yang semakin pesat di kalangan pembelajar Bahasa Inggris sebagai Bahasa Asing (English as a Foreign Language/EFL) telah menimbulkan antusiasme sekaligus kekhawatiran pedagogis, khususnya dalam penulisan esai argumentatif yang menuntut penalaran mandiri dan penyusunan sudut pandang yang berimbang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi persepsi dan pengalaman nyata mahasiswa EFL dalam memanfaatkan ChatGPT saat menyusun teks argumentatif, dengan fokus utama pada manfaat instrumental, tantangan praktis, serta implikasinya terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis. Pendekatan penelitian yang diterapkan adalah studi kasus kualitatif dengan melibatkan empat mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris di salah satu perguruan tinggi di Garut yang telah terjaring melalui kuesioner penyaring sebagai pengguna aktif ChatGPT. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan melalui wawancara semi-terstruktur mendalam yang selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan prosedur analisis tematik. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa mahasiswa secara konsisten memanfaatkan ChatGPT untuk memfasilitasi pengembangan ide, koreksi tata bahasa, perluasan variasi kosakata, dan penyusunan kerangka argumen pro–kontra. Meskipun demikian, mahasiswa menghadapi kendala nyata berupa keluaran teks yang kaku (robotic), ketergantungan kualitas jawaban pada ketepatan prompt, pergeseran topik (topic drift), serta risiko ketergantungan yang mempersempit eksplorasi kreatif. Kemampuan berpikir kritis terbukti tidak tereduksi secara mutlak, melainkan bersifat kondisional di mana nalar kritis tetap terjaga saat mahasiswa aktif memverifikasi dan mengoreksi saran kecerdasan buatan, namun berisiko melemah jika keluaran diterima tanpa evaluasi reflektif. Oleh karena itu, ChatGPT lebih tepat diposisikan sebagai mitra penopang (scaffolding partner) daripada pembuat teks utama, yang menuntut penguatan regulasi metakognitif dan literasi prompt dalam pengajaran menulis akademik.
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