PENGARUH DESAIN PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DAN PROJECT BASED LEARNING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPAS

Abstract

The low levels of critical thinking skills, creativity, and curiosity among students at SDN Mustokoharjo have become a major issue that negatively affects their learning outcomes, particularly in the IPAS subject on the topic of the water cycle. This study was conducted to analyze the effect of Project Based Learning (PjBL) and Problem Based Learning (PBL) models on the IPAS learning outcomes of fifth-grade students at SDN Mustokoharjo. This research employed a quasi-experimental method with a nonequivalent control group design. The research sample consisted of 40 students, with 20 students in the experimental class who were taught using the PjBL model supported by media such as PowerPoint presentations, videos, images, and interactive games, and 20 students in the control class who were taught using the PBL model with media such as videos, images, and textbooks. The instruments used included observation sheets of learning activities and learning outcome tests in the form of multiple-choice questions administered through pretests and posttests. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive analysis and t-tests to determine differences in learning outcomes. This study aimed to determine whether there was a significant difference in IPAS learning outcomes between students taught using the PjBL and PBL models. Based on the t-test results on students' science learning outcomes, a significance level of 0.001 was obtained (0.001 < 0.05). The findings indicate that there is a significant difference in science learning outcomes among fifth-grade elementary school students between the experimental class using Project Based Learning and the control class using Problem Based Learning.

ABSTRAK
Rendahnya kemampuan berpikir kritis, kreativitas, dan rasa ingin tahu peserta didik di SDN Mustokoharjo menjadi permasalahan utama yang berdampak negatif terhadap hasil belajar mereka, khususnya pada mata pelajaran IPAS materi siklus air. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis pengaruh model pembelajaran Project Based Learning (PJBL) dan Problem Based Learning (PBL) terhadap hasil belajar IPAS peserta didik kelas V SDN Mustokoharjo. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasi eksperimen dengan desain nonequivalent control group design. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 40 peserta didik, dengan pembagian 20 peserta didik pada kelas eksperimen yang memperoleh pembelajaran menggunakan model PJBL didukung oleh media seperti PPT, video, gambar, serta permainan interaktif, dan 20 peserta didik pada kelas kontrol yang menerima pembelajaran dengan model PBL menggunakan media berupa video, gambar, dan buku. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa lembar observasi aktivitas belajar serta tes hasil belajar dengan soal pilihan ganda yang diberikan melalui pretest dan posttest. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan uji-t untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan signifikan hasil belajar IPAS antara peserta didik yang diajar dengan model PJBL dan PBL. Berdasarkan uji-t yang telah dilakukan pada kemampuan hasil belajar IPA peserta didik, menunjukkan bahwa taraf singnifikan sebesar 0,001 (0,001 > 0,05). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan hasil belajar IPA siswa sekolah dasar kelas V antara kelas eksperimen yang menggunakan project based learning dan kelas kontrol yang menggunakan model problem-based learning.