SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI MAGNETIT (Fe3O4) DARI PASIR BESI MELALUI METODE KOPRESIPITASI: SEBUAH TINJAUAN LITERATUR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/science.v6i3.14844Keywords:
magnetit (Fe?O?), pasir besi, kopresipitasi, karakterisasi, tinjauan literaturAbstract
Magnetite (Fe₃O₄) is one of the most promising magnetic materials due to its broad applications in electronics, environmental remediation, and biomedical fields. Indonesia possesses abundant iron sand resources, providing significant potential for producing value-added magnetite through the co-precipitation method, which is recognized for its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and high synthesis efficiency. This study aims to comprehensively review previous research on the synthesis and characterization of magnetite (Fe₃O₄) derived from iron sand using the co-precipitation method and to analyze the influence of synthesis parameters on the resulting material characteristics. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) employing the PRISMA framework was conducted through the stages of identification, screening, eligibility assessment, and inclusion of relevant scientific publications. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively using data reduction, comparison, synthesis, and interpretation techniques. The review indicates that the co-precipitation method successfully produces magnetite with an inverse spinel cubic crystal structure, nanometer-scale crystallite size, predominantly spherical particle morphology with agglomeration tendencies, and elemental compositions dominated by iron (Fe) and oxygen (O). Furthermore, variations in synthesis pH significantly influence crystallite size, particle morphology, and magnetic properties. Characterization using XRD, SEM–EDS, XRF, and VSM consistently demonstrates that the synthesized magnetite exhibits soft magnetic to superparamagnetic behavior. Overall, this review concludes that the co-precipitation method is an effective approach for producing high-quality magnetite from iron sand and offers considerable potential for applications in electronics, sensors, environmental remediation, and biomedical technologies.
ABSTRAK
Magnetit (Fe₃O₄) merupakan salah satu material magnetik yang memiliki potensi luas dalam berbagai bidang, seperti elektronik, lingkungan, dan biomedis. Ketersediaan sumber daya pasir besi yang melimpah di Indonesia menjadikan material ini berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai bahan baku sintesis magnetit bernilai tambah melalui metode kopresipitasi yang dikenal sederhana, ekonomis, dan efektif. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara komprehensif hasil-hasil penelitian mengenai sintesis dan karakterisasi magnetit (Fe₃O₄) dari pasir besi melalui metode kopresipitasi, serta menganalisis pengaruh parameter sintesis terhadap karakteristik material yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan pendekatan PRISMA melalui tahapan identifikasi, penyaringan, penilaian kelayakan, dan inklusi artikel ilmiah yang relevan. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif-kualitatif melalui proses reduksi, sintesis, perbandingan, dan interpretasi hasil penelitian. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa metode kopresipitasi mampu menghasilkan magnetit berstruktur kristal kubik (inverse spinel) dengan ukuran kristal pada skala nanometer, morfologi partikel yang umumnya berbentuk sferis dengan kecenderungan aglomerasi, serta komposisi unsur yang didominasi oleh besi (Fe) dan oksigen (O). Variasi pH sintesis berpengaruh terhadap ukuran kristal, morfologi, dan sifat kemagnetan material, sedangkan karakterisasi menggunakan XRD, SEM–EDS, XRF, dan VSM menunjukkan bahwa magnetit hasil sintesis memiliki karakteristik soft magnetic hingga superparamagnetik. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa metode kopresipitasi merupakan pendekatan yang efektif untuk menghasilkan magnetit berkualitas dari pasir besi serta memiliki prospek yang menjanjikan untuk pengembangan aplikasi pada bidang elektronik, sensor, pengolahan lingkungan, dan biomedis.
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