GAMBARAN KARAKTERISTIK PASIEN HEMODIALISIS YANG MENDAPATKAN TRANSFUSI DARAH SELAMA ENAM BULAN: STUDI DESKRIPTIF RETROSPEKTIF

Abstract

Anemia is commonly found in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis and may require red blood cell transfusions. This study aimed to describe transfusion episodes at Ajibarang Regional General Hospital from January to June 2026. A retrospective descriptive observational design was employed, covering 256 transfusion episodes involving 89 unique patients. Clinical data, pre-transfusion hemoglobin (Hb) levels, vascular access, CKD diagnoses, and transfusion frequency were analyzed descriptively. Episode characteristics were calculated using 256 episodes as the denominator, while recurrent transfusions were calculated based on 89 patients. The mean pre-transfusion Hb level was 7.06 ± 0.78 g/dL, with all episodes having Hb levels below 8 g/dL. A total of 170 episodes (66.4%) had Hb levels ranging from 7.0 to 7.9 g/dL. Cimino/arteriovenous fistula (AVF) access was recorded in 52.3% of episodes, while femoral access accounted for 44.9%. Hypertension was the most frequently recorded CKD etiology (68.8%). Sixty-nine patients (77.5%) experienced at least two transfusion episodes. These findings support the need for anemia and transfusion audits integrating Hb levels, clinical indications, iron status, anemia treatment, and vascular access documentation. This study provides a baseline description of local services but does not assess transfusion prevalence in the entire hemodialysis population or the clinical appropriateness of individual transfusion decisions.

ABSTRAK

Anemia sering ditemukan pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) yang menjalani hemodialisis dan memerlukan transfusi sel darah merah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan episode transfusi di RSUD Ajibarang selama Januari–Juni 2026. Penelitian menggunakan desain observasional deskriptif retrospektif, meliputi 256 episode transfusi dari 89 pasien unik. Data klinis, Hb pra-transfusi, akses vaskular, diagnosis PGK, dan frekuensi transfusi dianalisis. Karakteristik episode dihitung berdasarkan 256 episode, sedangkan transfusi berulang berdasarkan 89 pasien. Rerata Hb pra-transfusi sebesar 7,06 ± 0,78 g/dL dan seluruh episode memiliki Hb di bawah 8 g/dL. Sebanyak 170 episode (66,4%) berada pada rentang 7,0–7,9 g/dL. Akses Cimino/arteriovenous fistula (AVF) tercatat pada 52,3% episode dan akses femoral pada 44,9%. Hipertensi merupakan diagnosis PGK yang dicatat (68,8%). Sebanyak 69 pasien (77,5%) mengalami sedikitnya dua episode transfusi. Temuan ini mendukung audit anemia dan transfusi yang mengintegrasikan Hb, indikasi klinis, status besi, terapi anemia, serta dokumentasi akses vaskular. Penelitian memberikan gambaran pelayanan lokal, tetapi tidak menilai prevalensi transfusi populasi hemodialisis atau ketepatan keputusan transfusi.