FATIGUE PADA PASIEN AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA (AIHA) DENGAN ANEMIA GRAVIS DI RUANG ELANG RAWAT INAP PENYAKIT DALAM

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) is a hematological disorder characterized by the formation of autoantibodies against erythrocytes, resulting in hemolysis and decreased hemoglobin levels. Severe anemia in AIHA may cause fatigue, reduced activity tolerance, and impaired oxygen delivery to tissues, requiring comprehensive nursing care. This study aimed to describe the implementation of nursing care for patients with AIHA and severe anemia using a nursing process approach based on the Indonesian Nursing Diagnosis, Outcome, and Intervention Standards (SDKI, SLKI, and SIKI). This study employed a descriptive case study design involving a 70-year-old male patient admitted to the Elang Internal Medicine Ward of RSUD Ajibarang. Data were collected through nursing assessment, clinical observation, laboratory examination, medical record review, nursing implementation, and evaluation during hospitalization. The main nursing problem identified was fatigue related to decreased oxygen transport capacity secondary to severe anemia. Nursing interventions included energy management, physiological monitoring, activity assistance, patient education, and collaboration in blood transfusion and medical therapy. The evaluation demonstrated clinical improvement, characterized by reduced fatigue, improved activity tolerance, and stabilized physiological status. Standardized nursing care based on SDKI, SLKI, and SIKI may support systematic management of AIHA patients and provide a foundation for evidence-based nursing practice development.

ABSTRAK

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) merupakan kelainan hematologi akibat terbentuknya autoantibodi terhadap eritrosit yang menyebabkan hemolisis dan penurunan kadar hemoglobin. Kondisi anemia berat pada AIHA dapat menimbulkan fatigue, penurunan toleransi aktivitas, serta gangguan pemenuhan kebutuhan oksigen jaringan sehingga memerlukan asuhan keperawatan yang komprehensif. Studi ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan penerapan asuhan keperawatan pada pasien AIHA dengan anemia gravis menggunakan pendekatan proses keperawatan berbasis SDKI, SLKI, dan SIKI. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi kasus deskriptif pada satu pasien laki-laki berusia 70 tahun yang dirawat di Ruang Elang RSUD Ajibarang. Data diperoleh melalui pengkajian keperawatan, observasi klinis, pemeriksaan laboratorium, telaah rekam medis, implementasi, dan evaluasi keperawatan selama masa perawatan. Hasil pengkajian menunjukkan masalah utama berupa keletihan akibat penurunan kapasitas transport oksigen sekunder terhadap anemia gravis. Intervensi yang diberikan meliputi manajemen energi, pemantauan kondisi fisiologis, bantuan aktivitas, edukasi, serta kolaborasi transfusi darah dan terapi medis. Evaluasi menunjukkan perbaikan kondisi klinis berupa penurunan fatigue, peningkatan toleransi aktivitas, dan stabilisasi status fisiologis pasien. Penerapan asuhan keperawatan berbasis standar nasional dapat mendukung pengelolaan pasien AIHA secara sistematis serta menjadi dasar pengembangan praktik keperawatan berbasis bukti.