PROFIL ANEMIA PASIEN HEMODIALISIS BERDASARKAN NILAI HEMOGLOBIN DI RSUD AJIBARANG

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Anemia is a major complication in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis and is associated with reduced quality of life, increased morbidity, and mortality. Although routine hemoglobin monitoring is recommended as an essential component of anemia management, previous studies have primarily focused on risk factors or treatment effectiveness, while evidence describing anemia profiles based on serial hemoglobin monitoring in regional hospitals remains limited. This study aimed to describe the anemia profile of patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis based on serial hemoglobin measurements from January to June 2026 at Ajibarang Regional Hospital. This study employed a quantitative observational approach with a retrospective descriptive design. A total of 83 patients were included using total sampling based on complete hemoglobin records for six consecutive months. Data were obtained from medical records and analyzed descriptively using frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations, medians, minimums, and maximums. Anemia categories were determined according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. The results demonstrated that mean hemoglobin levels remained relatively stable throughout the observation period but consistently remained below the WHO normal thresholds. Moderate and severe anemia were the predominant categories, whereas only a very small proportion of patients had normal hemoglobin levels. In conclusion, anemia remains a major clinical problem among patients undergoing hemodialysis, and serial hemoglobin monitoring provides essential baseline information for evaluating and improving anemia management in hemodialysis services.

ABSTRAK

Anemia merupakan komplikasi utama pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik yang menjalani hemodialisis dan berhubungan dengan penurunan kualitas hidup, peningkatan morbiditas, serta mortalitas. Meskipun pemantauan kadar hemoglobin direkomendasikan sebagai bagian penting dalam tata laksana anemia, penelitian sebelumnya lebih banyak berfokus pada faktor risiko maupun efektivitas terapi, sedangkan gambaran profil anemia berdasarkan pemantauan hemoglobin secara serial di rumah sakit daerah masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan profil anemia pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik yang menjalani hemodialisis berdasarkan pemantauan kadar hemoglobin selama periode Januari–Juni 2026 di RSUD Ajibarang. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif observasional dengan desain deskriptif retrospektif. Sampel terdiri atas 83 pasien yang dipilih menggunakan teknik total sampling berdasarkan kriteria memiliki data hemoglobin lengkap selama enam bulan berturut-turut. Data diperoleh dari rekam medis dan dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan distribusi frekuensi, persentase, rerata, simpangan baku, median, nilai minimum, dan maksimum, sedangkan kategori anemia ditentukan berdasarkan klasifikasi World Health Organization (WHO). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata kadar hemoglobin relatif stabil selama enam bulan, namun masih berada di bawah batas normal WHO. Distribusi anemia didominasi oleh kategori anemia sedang dan anemia berat, sedangkan proporsi pasien tanpa anemia relatif sangat kecil. Disimpulkan bahwa anemia masih menjadi masalah klinis yang dominan pada pasien hemodialisis, sehingga pemantauan hemoglobin secara serial dapat menjadi dasar evaluasi mutu pelayanan serta pengelolaan anemia di unit hemodialisis.