ANALISIS PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN PENILAIAN TES BERORIENTASI HOTS PADA MATERI PERKEMBANGAN ISLAM: TINJAUAN LITERATUR SISTEMATIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/educational.v6i3.11239Keywords:
Systematic Literature Review, PRISMA, Pengembangan Instrumen Penilaian, HOTSAbstract
Rapid advances in science and technology must be balanced by students’ ability to filter and utilize information appropriately and responsibly. This aligns with the competencies required in the 21st century, which emphasize critical, creative, communicative, and collaborative thinking skills. Therefore, appropriate assessment instruments are needed to measure these competencies and skills in students. The purpose of this study is to systematically review various studies on the development of assessment instruments for Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)-oriented tests on Islamic development materials. The approach used was a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), analyzing 7 national journal articles, 3 conference proceedings articles, and 21 Scopus-indexed international journal articles published between 2014 and 2025. The selection process involved the stages of identification, screening, eligibility, and synthesis using the PRISMA criteria. The research results indicate that the development of HOTS test instruments is generally carried out through a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the Borg & Gall, ADDIE, 4D, and Tessmer models. The most commonly used instrument formats are multiple-choice, essay, and two-tier questions, emphasizing the abilities to analyze, evaluate, and create in accordance with the revised Bloom’s Taxonomy. Meanwhile, most of the instruments developed demonstrate good levels of validity and reliability, making them suitable for use in the learning evaluation process. This study is expected to serve as a reference for researchers and educators in developing high-quality HOTS instruments that meet the demands of 21st-century skills.
ABSTRAK
Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi yang pesat harus diimbangi dengan kemampuan peserta didik dalam menyaring dan memanfaatkan informasi secara tepat dan bertanggung jawab. Hal ini sejalan dengan kompetensi yang dibutuhkan pada abad 21 yang menekankan kemampuan berpikir kritis, kreatif, komunikatif, dan kolaboratif. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan instrumen asesmen yang tepat untuk mengukur kompetensi dan keterampilan peserta didik tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mengkaji secara sistematis berbagai studi tentang pengembangan instrumen penilaian tes berorientasi Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) pada materi perkembangan islam. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan menganalisis 7 artikel jurnal nasional, 3 artikel jurnal prosiding, dan 21 artikel jurnal internasional terindeks Scopus yang terbit antara tahun 2014 hingga 2025. Proses seleksi dilakukan melalui tahapan identifikasi, penyaringan, kelayakan, dan sintesis menggunakan kriteria PRISMA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan instrumen tes HOTS umumnya dilakukan melalui pendekatan penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development) dengan model-model Borg & Gall, ADDIE, 4D, dan Tessmer. Bentuk instrumen yang banyak digunakan berupa pilihan ganda, uraian, dan two-tier dengan menekankan kemampuan menganalisis, mengevaluasi, dan mencipta sesuai taksonomi Bloom revisi. Sementara itu, sebagian besar instrumen yang dikembangkan memiliki tingkat validitas dan reliabilitas yang baik sehingga layak digunakan dalam proses evaluasi pembelajaran. Kajian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi bagi peneliti dan pendidik dalam pengembangan instrumen HOTS yang berkualitas sesuai tuntutan keterampilan abad-21.
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