THE UNPLEASANT TRUTH: EXPLORING THE COMPLEXITIES OF HALITOSIS

Authors

  • Henny Kartika Ricky Raja Dental Care Medan, Indonesia and World Stomalological Institute
  • How Kim Chuan Faculty of Medicine University Tunku Abdul Rahman and World Stomatology Institute, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • Susanna Halim Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Prima Indonesia, Medan, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51878/science.v5i2.4879

Keywords:

halitosis, bad breath, oral hygiene

Abstract

Halitosis, or bad breath, is a common condition that can significantly affect an individual’s quality of life and social interactions. It results from a complex interaction of multiple etiological factors, predominantly originating within the oral cavity such as the activity of anaerobic microbes producing volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), but also greatly influenced by systemic health status, diet, and lifestyle choices. Effective management therefore requires a comprehensive and careful diagnostic approach, not only to identify specific etiological factors such as the level of oral hygiene, periodontal health, and the presence or absence of xerostomia, but also to uncover potential contributions from underlying systemic medical conditions and dietary intake. This paper aims to present a comprehensive review of current concepts in the diagnosis and management of halitosis. Successful halitosis management strategies rely heavily on the pillars of ongoing patient education, the development of a personalized treatment plan based on the underlying cause—including mechanical and chemical interventions—and regular clinical monitoring and follow-up. Furthermore, interdisciplinary collaboration, combining expertise from dentistry, oral microbiology, internal medicine, and psychology, is crucial to advance more accurate diagnostic approaches and more effective therapeutic options. Thus, the importance of implementing a holistic, interdisciplinary, patient-centered approach to improve overall oral health and enhance overall patient well-being is emphasized.

ABSTRAK
Halitosis, atau bau mulut, adalah kondisi umum yang dapat memengaruhi kualitas hidup dan interaksi sosial seseorang secara signifikan. Hal ini disebabkan oleh interaksi kompleks berbagai faktor etiologi, yang sebagian besar berasal dari rongga mulut seperti aktivitas mikroba anaerobik yang menghasilkan senyawa sulfur volatil (VSC), tetapi juga sangat dipengaruhi oleh status kesehatan sistemik, pola makan, dan pilihan gaya hidup. Oleh karena itu, penanganan yang efektif memerlukan pendekatan diagnostik yang komprehensif dan cermat, tidak hanya untuk mengidentifikasi faktor etiologi tertentu seperti tingkat kebersihan mulut, kesehatan periodontal, dan ada atau tidaknya xerostomia, tetapi juga untuk mengungkap potensi kontribusi dari kondisi medis sistemik yang mendasarinya dan asupan makanan. artikel ini bertujuan untuk menyajikan tinjauan komprehensif tentang konsep terkini dalam diagnosis dan penanganan halitosis. Strategi penanganan halitosis yang berhasil sangat bergantung pada pilar-pilar edukasi pasien yang berkelanjutan, pengembangan rencana perawatan yang dipersonalisasi berdasarkan penyebab yang mendasarinya termasuk intervensi mekanis dan kimia dan pemantauan dan tindak lanjut klinis yang teratur. Lebih jauh lagi, kolaborasi interdisipliner, yang menggabungkan keahlian dari kedokteran gigi, mikrobiologi oral, penyakit dalam, dan psikologi, sangat penting untuk memajukan pendekatan diagnostik yang lebih akurat dan pilihan terapi yang lebih efektif. Dengan demikian, pentingnya menerapkan pendekatan holistik, interdisipliner, dan berpusat pada pasien untuk meningkatkan kesehatan mulut secara keseluruhan dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan pasien secara keseluruhan ditekankan.

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Published

2025-05-16

How to Cite

Kartika, H., Chuan, H. K. ., & Halim, S. . (2025). THE UNPLEASANT TRUTH: EXPLORING THE COMPLEXITIES OF HALITOSIS. SCIENCE : Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Matematika Dan IPA, 5(2), 484-492. https://doi.org/10.51878/science.v5i2.4879

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