E-LEADERSHIP, TRUST, DAN KOLABORASI TIM VIRTUAL PADA GENERASI MILENIAL DAN GENERASI Z: SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW DALAM PERSPEKTIF PSIKOLOGI ORGANISASI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/paedagogy.v6i4.16469Keywords:
E-Leadership, Trust, Virtual Team, Generasi Milenial, Generasi Z, Psikologi OrganisasiAbstract
Digital transformation has catalyzed the widespread adoption of virtual teams in contemporary organizations, bringing together Millennial and Generation Z workers with distinct behavioral traits. This study aims to systematically analyze literature examining the interrelationships among e-leadership, trust, and virtual team collaboration across generations from an organizational psychology perspective. Adopting the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method guided by PRISMA 2020 protocols, 8 primary studies from reputable databases (2022–2026) were synthesized from an initial pool of 642 identified records. The thematic mapping categorized findings into four core domains: relational competencies of e-leadership, mechanisms of swift trust formation, synchronization of hybrid communication channels, and alignment with supportive-participative leadership expectations for Millennials and Gen Z. Trust consistently serves as a pivotal psychological mediator that mitigates isolation risks and enhances collaborative effectiveness in technology-mediated environments. This review concludes that virtual team performance relies not merely on digital infrastructure, but fundamentally on human-centered, adaptive leadership.
ABSTRAK
Transformasi digital telah mendorong adopsi tim virtual secara masif dalam organisasi modern, mempertemukan angkatan kerja Generasi Milenial dan Generasi Z yang memiliki karakteristik unik. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara sistematis literatur mengenai keterkaitan e-leadership, trust, dan kolaborasi tim virtual lintas generasi dari sudut pandang psikologi organisasi. Melalui metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) berpedoman PRISMA 2020, sebanyak 8 artikel primer terindeks bereputasi (2022–2026) disintesis dari penelusuran awal 642 dokumen. Hasil pemetaan literatur mengelompokkan temuan ke dalam empat domain utama, yaitu kompetensi relasional e-leadership, mekanisme pembentukan swift trust, integrasi kanal komunikasi hibrida, serta pemenuhan ekspektasi kepemimpinan suportif-partisipatif bagi Generasi Milenial dan Z. Kepercayaan terbukti menjadi mediator psikologis vital yang meminimalkan kerentanan isolasi sosial serta mengoptimalkan kolaborasi tim virtual. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa efektivitas tim virtual tidak hanya bertumpu pada infrastruktur digital, melainkan pada kapasitas kepemimpinan yang adaptif dan berorientasi manusiawi (human-centered).
Downloads
References
AlNuaimi, B. K., Singh, S. K., Ren, S., Budhwar, P., & Vorobyev, D. (2022). Mastering digital transformation: The nexus between leadership, agility, and digital strategy. Journal of Business Research, 145, 636–648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.03.038
Alves, M. P., Dimas, I. D., Lourenço, P. R., Rebelo, T., Peñarroja, V., & Gamero, N. (2022). Can virtuality be protective of team trust? Conflict and effectiveness in hybrid teams. Behaviour & Information Technology, 42(7), 851–868. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2022.2046163
Bravo-Duarte, F., Tordera, N., & Rodríguez, I. (2025). Overcoming virtual distance: A systematic review of leadership competencies for managing performance in telework. Frontiers in Organizational Psychology, 2, Article 1499248. https://doi.org/10.3389/forgp.2024.1499248
Gautam, P., & Sharma, S. (2026). The impact of leadership styles on learning and work outcomes of Generation Z employees: A systematic literature review. The Learning Organization, 33(1), 110–128. https://doi.org/10.1108/TLO-10-2024-0317
Greimel, N. S., Kanbach, D. K., & Chelaru, M. (2023). Virtual teams and transformational leadership: An integrative literature review and avenues for further research. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 8(2), Article 100351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2023.100351
Gupta, N. (2022). Effects of virtual work on trust: Role of monitoring norms and age. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2022(1), Article 12289. https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2022.12289abstract
Hoque, M. M., Zhang, X., Rahman, M. F. F., Boroumand, Z., & Hasnat, M. S. (2025). A comprehensive review of enhancing collaboration and performance in virtual teams. Review of Business and Economics Studies, 13(1), 93–108. https://doi.org/10.26794/2308-944X-2025-13-1-93-108
Kimura, T. (2024). Virtual teams: A smart literature review of four decades of research. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2024, Article 8373370. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8373370
Kloepfer, S., & Carbon, C.-C. (2025). Leadership and trust in virtual teams. Human Systems Management, 44(5), 890–900. https://doi.org/10.1177/01672533251331488
Lin, Q. (2024). Digital leadership: A systematic literature review and future research agenda. European Journal of Innovation Management, 28(6), 2469–2488. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-07-2023-0522
López-Figueroa, J. C., Ochoa-Jiménez, S., Palafox-Soto, M. O., & Hernandez Munoz, D. S. (2025). Digital leadership: A systematic literature review. Administrative Sciences, 15(4), Article 129. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15040129
Morrison, K. R., & Reynolds, T. (2025). The influence of virtual team-specific factors and communication factors on team performance. The Learning Organization, 32(6), 993–1010. https://doi.org/10.1108/TLO-05-2024-0153
Nugroho, Y. A. W., Yanti, B. E. D., & Haryanto, F. (2025). A systematic literature review on workplace expectations and behavioral characteristics of Generation Z employees. Psikostudia: Jurnal Psikologi, 14(3), 412–426. https://doi.org/10.30872/psikostudia.v14i3.15241
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., ... Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, Article n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039
Torro, O., Pirkkalainen, H., & Li, H. (2022). Media synchronicity in organizational social exchange. Information Technology & People, 35(8), 162–180. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-06-2020-0384
Watanuki, H. M., & Moraes, R. O. (2022). Trust in virtual teams: A systematic review of information systems literature. Journal of Information Systems and Technology Management, 19, Article e202219006. https://doi.org/10.4301/S1807-1775202219006
Wojnar, J. (2025). Virtuality and trust: The impact of team virtuality level on trust relations between leaders and team members. Research Papers of Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, 69(1), 85–97. https://doi.org/10.15611/pn.2025.1.07
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Irma Suwarning Dyastuti, Juarisman Juarisman, Prasetyo Purnomo, Eko Tri Anggono
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
