ANALISIS UNSUR INTRINSIK DAN PSIKOLOGI SASTRA TOKOH UTAMA PADA KUMPULAN CERPEN “NGUTGUT JERIJI DI UMAH PADIDI” KARYA I WAYAN KUNTARA

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Short story learning in schools generally still emphasizes the introduction of intrinsic elements, such as theme, plot, and characterization, so the exploration of characters’ psychological aspects has not been conducted optimally. This condition causes students’ understanding of inner conflicts, character development, and reflective values in literary works to remain limited. This study aims to describe the intrinsic elements and analyze the literary psychology aspects of the main characters in the short story collection Ngutgut Jeriji di Umah Padidi by I Wayan Kuntara. The study employed a qualitative descriptive approach, with five selected short stories from the collection serving as the data source. Data were collected through document study techniques using heuristic and hermeneutic reading stages, and then analyzed through structuralism theory and Sigmund Freud’s literary psychology theory. The findings reveal that each short story is constructed through the integration of theme, plot, setting, characterization, point of view, language style, and moral message, all of which represent the social realities of Balinese society. In addition, the main characters demonstrate psychological dynamics in the form of id, ego, and superego emerging from social pressure, inner conflict, and decision-making processes. This study confirms that the integration of structural and literary psychology approaches can broaden readers’ understanding of character development while also serving as an alternative literary learning approach that is more contextual, reflective, and grounded in cultural values.

ABSTRAK

Pembelajaran cerpen di sekolah umumnya masih menitikberatkan pada pengenalan unsur intrinsik, seperti tema, alur, dan tokoh, sehingga pendalaman terhadap aspek psikologis tokoh belum dilakukan secara optimal. Kondisi tersebut menyebabkan pemahaman peserta didik terhadap konflik batin, perkembangan karakter, dan nilai reflektif dalam karya sastra menjadi terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan unsur intrinsik serta menganalisis aspek psikologi sastra tokoh utama dalam kumpulan cerpen Ngutgut Jeriji di Umah Padidi karya I Wayan Kuntara. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan sumber data berupa lima cerpen terpilih dalam kumpulan cerpen tersebut. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui teknik studi dokumen dengan tahapan pembacaan heuristik dan hermeneutik, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teori strukturalisme dan psikologi sastra Sigmund Freud. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setiap cerpen dibangun oleh keterpaduan unsur tema, alur, latar, tokoh dan penokohan, sudut pandang, gaya bahasa, serta amanat yang merepresentasikan realitas sosial masyarakat Bali. Selain itu, tokoh utama dalam cerita memperlihatkan dinamika kejiwaan berupa id, ego, dan superego yang muncul akibat tekanan sosial, konflik batin, dan proses pengambilan keputusan. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa integrasi kajian struktural dan psikologi sastra dapat memperluas pemahaman pembaca terhadap karakter tokoh sekaligus menjadi alternatif pembelajaran sastra yang lebih kontekstual, reflektif, dan berbasis nilai budaya.