OPTIMISME, DUKUNGAN ORGANISASI, DAN KESEJAHTERAAN PSIKOLOGIS PEREMPUAN STEM: PERAN MEDIASI PEMBERDAYAAN PSIKOLOGIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/paedagogy.v6i4.16245Keywords:
psychological well-being, optimism, psychological empowerment, perceived organizational support, women in STEMAbstract
Women remain under-represented in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) occupations, and those who stay face work demands and career barriers that may erode their psychological well-being. This study tested a model of psychological well-being among Indonesian women working in STEM in which optimism and perceived organizational support act as direct predictors and as indirect predictors through psychological empowerment, while work-life balance acts as a direct predictor. A cross-sectional correlational survey was conducted online with 128 women who had worked in a STEM field for at least one year; after screening for careless responding and multivariate outliers, 123 cases were analysed. Measures were adapted versions of Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale, the Life Orientation Test-Revised, Spreitzer's Psychological Empowerment Scale, the Survey of Perceived Organizational Support, and Hayman's work-life balance scale. Path analysis with maximum likelihood estimation and 5,000 bootstrap resamples showed that all hypothesised paths were significant. Optimism was the strongest direct predictor of psychological well-being (β = .40), followed by psychological empowerment (β = .29), work-life balance (β = .21), and perceived organizational support (β = .17); the model explained 64% of the variance in well-being. Psychological empowerment partially mediated the effects of optimism (indirect β = .07, 95% CI [.02, .16]) and perceived organizational support (β = .09, 95% CI [.04, .18]). Model fit was marginal (χ²(1) = 4.06, CFI = .985, SRMR = .036, RMSEA = .158), and an exploratory re-specification indicated that work-life balance is also related to psychological empowerment. The findings suggest that sustaining the well-being of women in STEM requires combining personal resources with empowering job design, and that these resources can be nurtured early through career guidance in STEM education.
ABSTRAK
Perempuan masih kurang terwakili dalam pekerjaan sains, teknologi, rekayasa, dan matematika (STEM), dan mereka yang bertahan menghadapi tuntutan kerja serta hambatan karier yang berisiko menurunkan kesejahteraan psikologis. Penelitian ini menguji model kesejahteraan psikologis perempuan pekerja STEM di Indonesia yang menempatkan optimisme dan persepsi dukungan organisasi sebagai prediktor langsung sekaligus tidak langsung melalui pemberdayaan psikologis, serta keseimbangan kerja-kehidupan sebagai prediktor langsung. Desain penelitian adalah survei korelasional potong-lintang. Data dihimpun secara daring dari 128 perempuan yang telah bekerja minimal satu tahun di bidang STEM; setelah penyaringan respons tidak cermat dan pencilan multivariat, 123 data dianalisis. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah adaptasi Skala Kesejahteraan Psikologis Ryff, Life Orientation Test-Revised, Skala Pemberdayaan Psikologis Spreitzer, Survey of Perceived Organizational Support, dan skala keseimbangan kerja-kehidupan Hayman. Analisis jalur dengan estimasi maximum likelihood dan bootstrap 5.000 sampel menunjukkan bahwa seluruh jalur yang dihipotesiskan signifikan. Optimisme merupakan prediktor langsung terkuat kesejahteraan psikologis (β = 0,40), diikuti pemberdayaan psikologis (β = 0,29), keseimbangan kerja-kehidupan (β = 0,21), dan persepsi dukungan organisasi (β = 0,17); model menjelaskan 64% varians kesejahteraan psikologis. Pemberdayaan psikologis memediasi secara parsial pengaruh optimisme (β tidak langsung = 0,07; IK 95% [0,02; 0,16]) dan persepsi dukungan organisasi (β = 0,09; IK 95% [0,04; 0,18]). Kecocokan model tergolong marginal (χ²(1) = 4,06; CFI = 0,985; SRMR = 0,036; RMSEA = 0,158), dan re-spesifikasi eksploratif menunjukkan bahwa keseimbangan kerja-kehidupan juga berkaitan dengan pemberdayaan psikologis. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa upaya menjaga kesejahteraan perempuan STEM perlu memadukan penguatan sumber daya personal dengan desain kerja yang memberdayakan, dan bahwa bekal tersebut dapat mulai dibangun melalui bimbingan karier dalam pendidikan STEM.
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