REKONSTRUKSI SEJARAH PERADABAN ISLAM BERBASIS PENDIDIKAN (ANALISIS ERA KLASIK DAN PERTENGAHAN)

Abstract

ABSTRACT

This study is motivated by the importance of understanding the history of Islamic civilization as part of the development of Islamic educational systems and intellectual traditions. In modern education, the study of Islamic history tends to focus mainly on historical facts, resulting in a limited understanding of the contribution of Islamic education to the advancement of science and world civilization. This research aims to reconstruct the history of Islamic civilization based on education through an analysis of educational development during the eras of the Khulafaur Rasyidin, Umayyad Dynasty, and Abbasid Dynasty, as well as its relevance to contemporary Islamic Religious Education. This study employed a qualitative method using a literature review approach. Data were collected through the examination of scientific journals, books, articles, and previous studies, and then analyzed using descriptive qualitative techniques. The findings indicate that Islamic education during the classical period developed as the main foundation for building intellectual traditions, literacy culture, and the intellectual growth of Muslim society. During the Khulafaur Rasyidin era, education focused on strengthening educational systems and preserving the sources of Islamic teachings, while the Umayyad and Abbasid periods were characterized by the development of mosques, madrasahs, libraries, study circles, and Baitul Hikmah as centers of world knowledge. This study concludes that reconstructing the history of Islamic civilization based on education can be implemented in Islamic Religious Education through strengthening historical learning based on intellectual values, literacy culture, and critical thinking, while also serving as a reference for curriculum development emphasizing Islam’s contribution to scientific advancement and world civilization.

ABSTRAK

Pentingnya memahami sejarah peradaban Islam sebagai bagian dari perkembangan sistem pendidikan dan tradisi intelektual Islam. Pembelajaran sejarah Islam pada era modern masih cenderung berfokus pada penyampaian fakta sejarah sehingga kontribusi pendidikan Islam terhadap perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan peradaban dunia belum dipahami secara menyeluruh. Penelitian ini bertujuan merekonstruksi sejarah peradaban Islam berbasis pendidikan melalui kajian perkembangan pendidikan pada masa Khulafaur Rasyidin, Bani Umayyah, dan Bani Abbasiyah serta relevansinya terhadap pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam saat ini. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan literature review. Data dikumpulkan melalui penelaahan jurnal ilmiah, buku, artikel, dan penelitian terdahulu yang relevan, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teknik deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan Islam pada masa klasik berkembang sebagai fondasi utama dalam membangun tradisi keilmuan, budaya literasi, dan perkembangan intelektual masyarakat Muslim. Pada masa Khulafaur Rasyidin, pendidikan berfokus pada penguatan sistem pendidikan dan penjagaan sumber ajaran Islam, sedangkan masa Bani Umayyah dan Abbasiyah ditandai berkembangnya masjid, madrasah, perpustakaan, majelis ilmu, serta Baitul Hikmah sebagai pusat ilmu pengetahuan dunia. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa rekonstruksi sejarah peradaban Islam berbasis pendidikan dapat diimplementasikan dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam melalui penguatan materi sejarah Islam berbasis nilai intelektual, budaya literasi, dan berpikir kritis, serta menjadi referensi pengembangan kurikulum yang menekankan kontribusi Islam terhadap kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan peradaban dunia.