AGING EFFECT ON SALIVARY GLAND : A REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/cendekia.v5i2.4743Keywords:
penuaan, mulut kering, kelenjar saliva, dewasa tuaAbstract
Swallowing disorders and dry mouth are the most common oral conditions faced by aging adults. Dry mouth increases the risk of dental caries, periodontal disease, candidiasis, oral ulceration, dysphagia which can have a negative impact on nutritional status and quality of life. Saliva secreted in oral cavity is essential for food ingestion and plays an important role in sensory perception. Aging affects salivary glands and changes quantity and quality of saliva. Alterations in salivary gland function can have adverse effects on oral and systemic health. Salivary hypofunction is associated with decreased chewing and swallowing ability as well as objective taste perception. Many medical conditions and drug treatments usually affect saliva through anticholinergic activity in older adults. Lifestyle factors will also modify saliva gradually over time. Besides histological gland atrophy, physiological effects of aging cause changes in salivary gland function due to decreased intensity of stimulation and reflexes in elderly population. With increasing age, there is a reduction in the number of olfactory and taste receptors, decreased neuronal salivary stimulation and decreased blood perfusion at the gland level. Complex relationship between aging and salivary changes have variability results in elderly subjects and still need many research to point out the main problem.
ABSTRAK
Gangguan menelandan mulut kering merupakan kondisi mulut yang palingumumdialamioleh orang dewasa yang menua. Mulut kering meningkatkan risikokaries gigi, penyakit periodontal, kandidiasis, ulserasi oral, disfagia yang dapat berdampak negatif pada status gizi dan kualitas hidup. Air liur yang disekresikan dalam rongga mulut sangat pentinguntuk menelan makanan dan berperan penting dalam persepsi sensorik. Penuaan memengaruhi kelenjar ludah dan mengubah kuantitas dan kualitas air liur. Perubahan fungsi kelenjar ludah dapat berdampak buruk pada kesehatan mulut dan sistemik. Hipofungsi saliva dikaitkan dengan penurunan kemampuan mengunyah dan menelan serta persepsi rasa objektif. Banyak kondisi medis dan perawatan obat biasanya memengaruhi air liur melalui aktivitas antikolinergik pada orang dewasa yang lebih tua. Faktor gaya hidup juga akan mengubah air liur secara bertahap seiring berjalannya waktu. Selain atrofi kelenjar histologis, efek fisiologis penuaan menyebabkan perubahan fungsi kelenjar ludah karena penurunan intensitas rangsangan dan refleks pada populasi lanjutusia. Dengan bertambahnyausia, terjadi penurunan jumlahreseptor penciuman dan pengecap, penurunan rangsangan sarafterhadap air liur, dan penurunan perfusi darah di tingkat kelenjar. Hubungan yang kompleks antara penuaan dan perubahan saliva memiliki hasil yang bervariasi pada subjek lanjut usia dan masih memerlukan banyak penelitian untuk menunjukkan masalah utamanya.
Downloads
References
Affoo, R. H., et al. (2015). Meta-analysis of salivary flow rates in young and older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 63, 2142–2151. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13822
Boesveldt, S., et al. (2018). The changing role of the senses in food choice and food intake across the lifespan. Food Quality and Preference, 68, 80–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2018.02.007
Brossard, N., et al. (2016). “Oral” tribological study on the astringency sensation of red wines. Journal of Texture Studies, 47(5), 392–402. https://doi.org/10.1111/jtxs.12184
Chaudhury, N. M. A., et al. (2015). Changes in saliva rheological properties and mucin glycosylation in dry mouth. Journal of Dental Research, 94(12), 1660–1667. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034515609118
Dodds, M. W. J., et al. (2005). Salivary alterations in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 33(5), 329–336. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.2005.00229.x
Doyennette, F., et al. (2011). Taste and aroma in relation to saliva composition. Chemical Senses, 36(2), 135–142. https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjq115
Guggenheimer, J., & Moore, P. A. (2003). Salivary function and its impact on oral health in older adults. Journal of the American Dental Association, 134(6), 700–705. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2003.0201
Hannig, M., et al. (2017). The salivary pellicle and its impact on oral health. Journal of Oral Science, 59(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.2334/josnusd.16-0606
Humphrey, S. P., & Williamson, R. T. (2001). A review of saliva: Normal composition, flow, and function. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 85(2), 162–169. https://doi.org/10.1067/mpr.2001.113778
Laguna, F. M., et al. (2015). Oral health in the elderly: Salivary factors and the relationship with nutrition. Clinical Nutrition Research, 4(3), 161–167. https://doi.org/10.7762/cnr.2015.4.3.161
Laguna, F. M., et al. (2016). Saliva and nutrition: Impact of oral conditions on health in the aging population. Geriatrics & Gerontology International, 16(7), 798–804. https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.12608
Laguna, F. M., et al. (2017). Aging and nutritional status: The role of the oral cavity. Journal of Nutritional Science, 6, e16. https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2017.16
Laguna, L., & Sarkar, A. (2017a). Oral tribology: Update on the relevance to study astringency in wines. Food & Function, 8(2), 513–528. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6FO01497G
Laguna, L., & Sarkar, A. (2017b). Oral tribology: Update on the relevance to study astringency in wines. Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces, 11(2), 116–123. https://doi.org/10.1080/17515831.2017.1336902
Lee, Y. H., et al. (2013). Proteomic evaluation of acquired enamel pellicle during in vivo formation. PLoS One, 8(7), e67919. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067919
Lendenmann, U., et al. (2000). Saliva and dental pellicle—a review. Advances in Dental Research, 14(1), 22–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/08959374000140010401
Lindh, L., et al. (2014). Salivary pellicles and enamel pellicles in hyposalivation: A comparison of protein content and structure. Biofouling, 30(2), 183–191. https://doi.org/10.1080/08927014.2013.863294
Mingioni, P. A., et al. (2016). Swallowing disorders and nutrition in the elderly. Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 32(4), 1230–1235.
Morzel, M., et al. (2014). Salivary pellicle and its role in oral health. Journal of Dentistry, 42(3), 245–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2013.09.004
Muñoz-González, C., et al. (2018). Association between salivary hypofunction and food consumption in the elderlies: A systematic literature review. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging, 22(3), 407–419. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-017-0967-3
Nagler, R. M. (2004). Salivary glands and the aging process: Mechanistic aspects, health-status and medicinal-efficiency monitoring. Biogerontology, 5(4), 223–233. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BGEN.0000031150.41310.85
Nagler, R. M., & Hershkovich, O. (2005). Age-related changes in unstimulated salivary function and composition and its relations to medications and oral sensorial complaints. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 17(5), 358–366. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03324636
Nassar, M., et al. (2014). Comparison of salivary calcium in different age groups. Gerodontology, 31(3), 168–173. https://doi.org/10.1111/ger.12020
Neyraud, E. (2014). Role of saliva in taste perception and food acceptance. Chemical Senses, 39(5), 345–350. https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bju030
Proctor, G. B. (2016). The physiology of salivary secretion. Periodontology 2000, 70(1), 11–25. https://doi.org/10.1111/prd.12116
Salvolini, E., et al. (2000). Biochemical modifications of human whole saliva induced by aging. Archives of Oral Biology, 45(7), 629–635. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9969(00)00027-3
Shin, Y. K., et al. (2012). Participation of the peripheral taste system in aging-dependent changes in taste sensitivity. Neuroscience, 219, 243–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.04.058
Ship, J. A., et al. (2002). Dry mouth in the elderly: Causes, consequences, and management. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 133(5), 669-679. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2002.0144
Hu, J., et al. (2021). Dry mouth diagnosis and saliva substitutes—A review from a textural perspective. Journal of Texture Studies, 52(2), 141-156.
Sutarjo, F. N. A., et al. (2024). Common precipitating factors of xerostomia in elderly. Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU, 14(01), 011-016.
