RELEVANSI PEMIKIRAN POLITIK ISLAM BAGI POLITIK KONTEMPORER, KRISIS GLOBAL, DAN TRANSFORMASI TATANAN DUNIA: SEBUAH TELAAH FILOSOFIS-EPISTEMIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/cendekia.v7i1.16358Keywords:
Pemikiran Politik Islam, Maqasid al-Syari'ah, Krisis Global, Tata Dunia Baru, Filsafat Politik.Abstract
The current global political and economic order is undergoing structural dislocation characterized by financial capitalist inequality, ecological degradation, and the post-truth phenomenon. This article aims to philosophically and epistemically reconstruct the relevance of Islamic political thought (siyasah syar’iyyah) as an alternative public ethical framework in responding to this multidimensional crisis. Employing a qualitative normative-philosophical approach grounded in library research, this study examines the ontological pillars of tawhid, stewardship (amanah), and the epistemology of maqasid al-syari’ah. This framework is critically compared with Jeremy Bentham's utilitarianism and John Rawls's theory of justice. The comparative analysis reveals that while utilitarianism excels in practical calculus of utility, it risks compromising minority rights; meanwhile, Rawlsian liberalism safeguards procedural liberties yet remains confined to a secular rationality agnostic toward transcendental accountability. Islamic political thought offers the distinct advantage of guaranteeing fundamental rights (al-kulliyyat al-khams) anchored in metaphysical accountability, despite facing operational limitations when confronting the legal plurality of modern nation-states. The primary contribution of this paper lies in formulating a normative ethical framework that transforms politics from a pragmatic contest for power into governance underpinned by distributive justice (‘adl) and the public interest (maslahah mursalah).
ABSTRAK
Tatanan politik dan tatanan ekonomi global saat ini menghadapi dislokasi struktural yang ditandai oleh ketimpangan kapitalisme finansial, degradasi ekologis, dan fenomena post-truth. Artikel ini bertujuan merekonstruksi secara filosofis-epistemis relevansi pemikiran politik Islam (siyasah syar’iyyah) sebagai tawaran kerangka etika publik dalam merespons krisis multidimensional tersebut. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif normatif-filosofis berbasis telaah kepustakaan, studi ini mengkaji pilar ontologi tauhidik, amanah, dan epistemologi maqasid al-syari’ah. Studi ini mengomparasikan kerangka tersebut secara kritis dengan utilitarianisme Jeremy Bentham dan teori keadilan John Rawls. Hasil komparasi menunjukkan utilitarianisme unggul dalam kalkulasi manfaat praktis namun rentan mengorbankan hak minoritas, sedangkan liberalisme Rawls menjamin kebebasan prosedural namun terikat pada rasionalitas sekuler yang agnostik terhadap tanggung jawab transendental. Pemikiran politik Islam menawarkan keunggulan berupa jaminan hak fundamental (al-kulliyyat al-khams) yang berakar pada akuntabilitas metafisik, kendati memiliki keterbatasan operasional saat berhadapan dengan pluralitas hukum negara-bangsa modern. Kontribusi utama tulisan ini adalah formulasi kerangka etika normatif yang mentransformasi politik dari perebutan kekuasaan pragmatis menjadi tata kelola yang berkeadilan distributif ('adl) dan kemaslahatan publik (maslahah mursalah).
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