EFEKTIVITAS STEM LOKAL BERBANTUAN PHET PADA MATERI PESAWAT SEDERHANA TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA SMP
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/secondary.v6i4.13583Abstract
One of the essential competencies that should be built through science education in the 21st century is critical thinking. Various assessment outcomes suggest that students’ critical thinking skills and science literacy in Indonesia remain below optimal levels. Science education still relies heavily on the teacher as the center of the learning process, while limited access to laboratory facilities makes abstract physics concepts difficult for students to grasp. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of implementing a local wisdom-based STEM approach integrated with PhET simulations in the simple machines topic in developing students' critical thinking skills based on the six critical thinking indicators proposed by Facione. A one-group pretest-posttest design was employed in this study. The sample consisted of 32 eighth-grade students selected using purposive sampling. The research findings yielded an N-Gain value of 78.18%, which is categorized as effective. The outcomes of the critical thinking skills analysis demonstrate that the indicators of interpretation, analysis, explanation, and self-regulation were categorized as very high. The inference indicator was categorized as high, while the evaluation indicator was categorized as moderate. The research findings indicate that a local wisdom-based STEM approach supported by PhET simulations is effective as an alternative for science education in developing critical thinking skills through contextual, interactive, and meaningful learning.
ABSTRAK
Salah satu kompetensi esensial yang harus dikembangkan melalui pembelajaran IPA pada abad ke-21 adalah keterampilan berpikir kritis. Berbagai hasil asesmen mengindikasikan bahwa keterampilan berpikir kritis serta literasi sains siswa Indonesia masih berada pada tingkat yang belum optimal. Pembelajaran IPA masih bertumpu pada peran guru sebagai pusat pembelajaran, sementara keterbatasan fasilitas praktikum menyebabkan konsep-konsep fisika yang bersifat abstrak sulit dipahami siswa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis efektivitas penerapan pendekatan STEM berbasis kearifan lokal yang dipadukan dengan simulasi PhET pada materi pesawat sederhana dalam mengembangkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa berdasarkan enam indikator yang dikemukakan oleh Facione. Penelitian ini dijalankan dengan rancangan one-group pretest-posttest design. Penelitian melibatkan 32 siswa kelas VIII sebagai sampel yang ditetapkan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Temuan penelitian menghasilkan nilai N-Gain sebesar 78,18% yang dikategorikan efektif. Hasil analisis keterampilan berpikir kritis memperlihatkan bahwa indikator interpretasi, analisis, eksplanasi, serta regulasi diri yang dikategorikan sangat tinggi. Indikator inferensi dikategorikan tinggi, sedangkan indikator evaluasi dikategorikan sedang. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan STEM berbasis kearifan lokal berbantuan simulasi PhET efektif digunakan sebagai alternatif pembelajaran IPA dalam mengembangkan keterampilan berpikir kritis dengan pembelajaran yang kontekstual, interaktif, serta bermakna.
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