ANALISIS TANTANGAN DAN PELUANG IMPLEMENTASI AI KE DALAM SISTEM MANAJEMEN PEMBELAJARAN PADA JENJANG PENDIDIKAN MENENGAH ATAS (SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/manajerial.v6i1.9142Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, Learning Management System, Sekolah Menengah Atas, Studi Literatur SistematisAbstract
ABSTRACT
This study aims to systematically analyze the challenges and opportunities in implementing Artificial Intelligence (AI) within Learning Management Systems (LMS) at the senior high school level in Indonesia. Employing a qualitative approach through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), the research followed the guidelines of Kitchenham & Charters and the PRISMA framework. Data were collected from peer-reviewed journal articles indexed in Sinta 1–3 published between 2024 and 2025, and screened using Rayyan.ai. The extracted data from 31 selected studies were synthesized through thematic and narrative analysis. The findings reveal that AI implementation in LMS for Indonesian high schools takes various forms, including adaptive learning systems, educational chatbots, learning analytics, and generative AI tools for personalized instruction. Major challenges identified include unequal technological infrastructure, limited digital literacy among teachers and students, policy and funding constraints, and ethical and data privacy issues. Conversely, key opportunities involve enhancing personalized and effective learning, automating assessment and administrative processes, improving learning analytics for pedagogical decision-making, and supporting the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum. The study underscores that integrating AI into LMS holds significant potential to improve the quality and efficiency of education at the high school level, provided it is accompanied by inclusive implementation strategies, enabling policies, and capacity building for educational human resources.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara sistematis berbagai tantangan dan peluang implementasi Kecerdasan Buatan (Artificial Intelligence/AI) ke dalam Sistem Manajemen Pembelajaran pada Sekolah Menengah Atas di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode Studi Literatur Sistematis (Systematic Literature Review/SLR), yang dilaksanakan mengikuti pedoman Kitchenham & Charters serta pelaporan PRISMA. Sumber data penelitian diperoleh dari artikel-artikel terakreditasi Sinta 1–3 yang dipublikasikan pada periode 2024–2025, dan diseleksi menggunakan perangkat Rayyan.ai. Analisis dilakukan melalui sintesis tematik dan naratif terhadap data hasil ekstraksi dari 31 studi terpilih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) implementasi AI dalam LMS di SMA Indonesia mencakup berbagai bentuk, seperti sistem pembelajaran adaptif, chatbot pendidikan, analitik pembelajaran, dan dukungan AI generatif untuk personalisasi belajar; 2) Tantangan utama yang teridentifikasi meliputi keterbatasan infrastruktur dan konektivitas internet, kesiapan guru dan siswa dalam literasi digital, aspek kebijakan dan pendanaan, serta isu etika dan privasi data; dan 3) Peluang yang dapat dimanfaatkan antara lain peningkatan personalisasi dan efektivitas pembelajaran, otomatisasi penilaian dan administrasi, penguatan analitik pembelajaran untuk pengambilan keputusan pedagogis, serta dukungan terhadap implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka. Integrasi AI ke dalam LMS berpotensi besar untuk meningkatkan mutu dan efisiensi pendidikan di jenjang SMA, jika disertai dengan strategi implementasi yang inklusif, kebijakan pendukung, serta peningkatan kapasitas sumber daya manusia pendidikan.
Downloads
References
Abdullah, Kadir, & Ismail. (2024). Integration Of Technology In Islamic Education Learning: A New Paradigm Of Learning Management. Proceedings Of Law, Education, And Socio-Economic Studies, 1(1), Mei 2024.
Adha, MA, Pratama, RA, & Lestari, S. (2025). Kecerdasan Buatan Dalam Pendidikan Indonesia: Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis. Jurnal Sistem Teknologi Pendidikan, 53 (1), 45–63. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047239524123456
Adi, Fathoni, Masgumelar, & Mokmin. (2024). Physical Education Learning Management System For Senior High Schools. International Journal Of Disabilities Sports And Health Sciences, 7(Special Issue 1), 82–92. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1373688
Ahmar, D. S., & Azzajjad, M. F. (2025). Technology Adoption And Pedagogical Shifts In Central Sulawesi's Secondary Education. EDUTREND: Journal Of Emerging Issues And Trends In Education, 2(2), 72–85. https://doi.org/10.59110/edutrend.604
Arini, Yolanda, & Gumay. (2025). The Utilization Of Artificial Intelligence (AI) In Physics Learning For Physics Education Students. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA (JPPIPA), 11(5), 882–889. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i5.11552
Aspandi, & Muttaqin. (2025). Transforming Teacher Roles In Indonesia's Digital Era: Enhancing Learning Effectiveness And Student Engagement. Journal Of General Education And Humanities, 4(4), 1495–1510. https://doi.org/10.58421/gehu.v4i4.616
Astutik, D., Rahmawati, Y., & Hidayat, T. (2023). Tantangan Dan Peluang Penerapan Kecerdasan Buatan Dalam Pendidikan Indonesia. Jurnal Inovasi Teknologi Pendidikan, 10 (2), 101–114. https://doi.org/10.21831/jitp.v10i2.54321
Butarbutar. (2025). Coastal Regions Of Papua Students And Teachers' Responses Of Educational Challenges In Generative AI Era: A Case Study. Digital Technologies Research And Applications, 4(1), 106–119. https://doi.org/10.54963/dtra.v4i1.1100
Chen, L., Chen, P., & Lin, Z. (2020). Kecerdasan Buatan Dalam Pendidikan: Sebuah Tinjauan. IEEE Access, 8 , 75264–75278. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2988510
Darmono, A., Putra, RE, & Lestari, S. (2025). Penerimaan Kecerdasan Buatan Dalam Pembelajaran Digital Di Sekolah Menengah Indonesia. Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan Indonesia, 9 (1), 45–60.
Darmono, Setiawan, & Ma'ruf. (2025). Determining Factors Influencing Indonesian Higher Education Students' Intention To Adopt Artificial Intelligence Tools For Self-Directed Learning. European Journal Of Educational Research, 14(3), 805–828.
Floridi, L., Cowls, J., Beltrametti, M., Chatila, R., Chazerand, P., Dignum, V., Vayena, E. (2018). AI4People—Kerangka Etis Untuk Masyarakat AI Yang Baik: Peluang, Risiko, Prinsip, Dan Rekomendasi. Pikiran Dan Mesin, 28 (4), 689–707. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-018-9482-5
Greenhalgh, T., Papoutsi, C., Wherton, J., Lynch, J., Hughes, G., A'Court, C., Hinder, S., Fahy, N., Procter, R., & Shaw, S. (2017). Melampaui Adopsi: Kerangka Kerja Baru Untuk Men??Kan Dan Mengevaluasi Nonadopsi, Pengabaian, Dan Tantangan Terhadap Peningkatan Skala, Penyebaran, Dan Keberlanjutan Teknologi Kesehatan Dan Perawatan. Milbank Quarterly, 95 (2), 347–384. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0009.12100
Harris, A. (2020). COVID-19 – Kepemimpinan Sekolah Dalam Krisis? Jurnal Modal Profesional Dan Komunitas, 5 (3–4), 321–326. https://doi.org/10.1108/jpcc-06-2020-0045
Holmes, W., Bialik, M., & Fadel, C. (2019). Artificial Intelligence In Education: Promises And Implications For Teaching And Learning. Center For Curriculum Redesign.
https://curriculumredesign.org/our-work/artificial-intelligence-in-education/
Holmes, W., Bialik, M., & Fadel, C. (2019). Kecerdasan Buatan Dalam Pendidikan: Janji Dan Implikasi Untuk Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran. British Journal Of Educational Technology, 50 (5), 2408–2424. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12728
Holmes, W., Tuomi, I., & Grotto, A. (2021). Kecerdasan Buatan Dan Masa Depan Pendidikan: Tinjauan Kritis Terhadap Bukti. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 251.
https://doi.org/10.1787/7c4ac23a-en
Iswanti, S., Pratama, AH, & Nugroho, Y. (2025). Persepsi Guru Dan Siswa Terhadap Penggunaan AI Dalam LMS Di SMA. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan, 7 (2), 101–116.
Iswanti, Suryanto, Ridwandono, Faroqi, & Chuttur. (2025). Understanding Student Acceptance Of AI In Mojokerto Regency High Schools And A Framework For Effective Integration. INTENSIF: Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian dan Penerapan Teknologi Sistem Informasi, 9(2), 250–268. https://doi.org/10.29407/intensif.v9i2.24993
Judijanto, Hakim, & Armalia. (2025). Application Of Information Technology In Educational Management: Case Study In Senior High Schools In Indonesia. Indonesian Journal Of Education (INJOE), 5(1), 237–248.
Kaplan, AM, & Haenlein, M. (2019). Siri, Siri, Di Tanganku: Siapakah Yang Tercantik Di Negeri Ini? Tentang Interpretasi, Ilustrasi, Dan Implikasi Kecerdasan Buatan. Business Horizons, 62 (1), 15–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2018.08.004
Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, Dan Teknologi. (2025). Panduan Pembelajaran Koding Dan Kecerdasan Buatan Pada Pendidikan Dasar Dan Menengah. https://kurikulum.kemdikbud.go.id
Kharismawati, Waris, & Nuraini. (2024). Effectiveness Of Collaborative Learning Using An Artificial Intelligence-Based Learning Management System (LMS) To Enhance Scientific Literacy Skill For Early Childhood Education Teacher Candidates. Pakistan Journal Of Life And Social Sciences, 22(2), 17045–17055.
Komisi Eropa. (2021). Pedoman Etika Untuk AI Yang Dapat Dipercaya.
https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/ethics-guidelines-trustworthy-ai
Kurniawan Et Al. (2025). Integrating AI In Digital Project-Based Blended Learning To Enhance Critical Thinking And Problem-Solving Skills. Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 7, E2025552.
Kusuma, DA, Hidayat, T., & Wulandari, R. (2025). Implementasi Sistem Pembelajaran Adaptif Berbasis AI Di Sekolah Menengah Unggulan. Jurnal Pendidikan Digital, 5 (1), 23–38.
Kusuma, Ekayana, & Putra. (2025). Deep Learning For Automatic Assessment And Feedback In LMS-Based Education. Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems (IJCCS), 19(3), 271–280. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijccs.109333
Luckin, R., Holmes, W., Griffiths, M., & Forcier, LB (2017). Kecerdasan Yang Dilepaskan: Sebuah Argumen Untuk AI Dalam Pendidikan. British Journal Of Educational Technology, 48 (6), 1243–1256. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12564
Luckyardi, Karin, Rosmaladewi, Hufad, & Haristiani. (2024). Chatbots As Digital Language Tutors: Revolutionizing Education Through AI. Indonesian Journal Of Science & Technology, 9(3), 885–908. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v9i3.79514
Marzuki, Wulyani, Hidayati, Sata, & Rusdin. (2024). Overcoming Challenges: Indonesian EFL Teachers' Strategies For Using Moodle In High Schools. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 10, 101175.
Marzuki. (2025). Transforming traditional pedagogy: The role of learning management systems in English language instruction in Indonesia. Preprints.org. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202508.0429.v1
Mckenney, S., & Reeves, TC (2019). Melakukan Penelitian Desain Pendidikan.
British Journal Of Educational Technology, 50 (3), 1345–1358.
https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12865
Murniati, Hastuti, & Sanjaya. (2024). Exploring The Integration Of Artificial Intelligence In K-12 Education: An Indonesian Case. In Proceedings Of The 7th Celt International Conference (CIC 2024), Advances In Social Science, Education And Humanities Research (Vol. 897). https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-348-1_12
Muzakki, Wuryaningrum, & Yuliati. (2025). The Effect Of Integrated Learning Management System With Augmented Reality And Artificial Intelligence On Critical Thinking Ability And Digital Literacy In Elementary Schools. European Journal Of Education And Pedagogy, 6(3), 22–28. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejedu.2025.6.3.930
Nirsal. (2025). Digital Transformation Through Learning Management System Implementation In Secondary Schools: Analysis Of Impact, Challenges, And Adaptation Strategies. Majority Science Journal (MSJ), 3(3), 268–275. https://doi.org/10.61942/msj.v3i3.445
Ocaña-Fernández, Y., Valenzuela-Fernández, L., & Garro-Aburto, L. (2019). Kecerdasan Buatan Dan Implikasinya Dalam Pendidikan Tinggi. Propositos Dan Representaciones, 7 (2), 536–568. https://doi.org/10.20511/pyr2019.v7n2.274
Purba, RA (2025). Kecerdasan Buatan Dalam Pendidikan Dasar Di Indonesia: Tinjauan Sistematis. Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Indonesia, 6 (1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.23887/jpdi.v6i1.67890
Puspawati, Hartati, & Tobing. (2025). Development Of Learning Media Based On Learning Management System (LMS) To Improve Student Engagement At State Senior High School 1 Ketapang Sampang. JKPI: Jurnal Konseling Pendidikan Islam, 6(3).
Putra, Marannu, Abu Bakar, & Hanafi. (2025). The Transformation Of Digital Learning In State Islamic Senior High Schools (MAN) In Makassar. Al-Qalam: Journal Religious And Social Research Culture, 31(1).
Rahmi, Ahyani, & Mulyadi. (2025). Analisis Digitalisasi Sekolah Program Kelas Maya Berbasis Learning Management System (LMS) Model Hybrid Learning Di SMA Negeri 18 Palembang. PESHUM: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial Dan Humaniora, 4(2), 2757–2769.
Rahmi, S., Ananda, R., & Fitria, Y. (2025). Pemanfaatan Google Classroom Dalam Pembelajaran SMA Di Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Teknologi, 8 (1), 55–69.
Ratnasari, D., Suryani, N., & Putra, A. (2024). Pemanfaatan Kecerdasan Buatan Dalam Pembelajaran Digital Di Indonesia. Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan, 26 (1), 33–47. https://doi.org/10.21009/jtp.v26i1.45678
Rogahang. (2025). Application Of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technology In Online Learning System. Indonesian Journal Of Society Development (IJSD), 4(3), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.55927/ijsd.v4i3.375
Saputra, Yayuk, & Tinus. (2025). Challenges And Success Factors In Digital Classroom Implementation. Academia Open, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.21070/acopen.10.2025.11144
Schindler, LA, Puls-Elvidge, S., Welzant, H., & Crawford, L. (2017). Komputer Dalam Pendidikan: Sebuah Meta-Analisis Penggunaan Sistem Manajemen Pembelajaran Di Pendidikan Tinggi. Komputer & Pendidikan, 113, 94–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.12.003
Schleicher, A. (2019). Kecerdasan Buatan Dan Masa Depan Pendidikan . Penerbitan OECD. Https://Www.Oecd.Org/Education/Education-And-Ai
Septia, Khodr, Abdullah, & Ilah. (2024). Unlocking AI's Potential In Language Learning: A Comparative Study Of Adoption And Effectiveness In Indonesia And Arab Countries. Language, Technology, And Social Media, 2(1), 60–71. https://doi.org/10.70211/ltsm.v2i1.78
Susi, T., Handayani, S., & Prasetyo, ZK (2025). Transformasi Universitas Digital Di Indonesia: Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis. Jurnal Kebijakan Dan Manajemen Pendidikan Tinggi, 47 (2), 189–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360080x.2024.999999
Syarifuddin, M., Hakim, L., & Prabowo, H. (2025). Tantangan Implementasi AI-LMS Di Sekolah Menengah Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan, 10 (2), 89–104.
Syarifuddin, Safitri, Chotimah, Suratmi, Oktapiani, & Lestari. (2025). Enhancing History Education With AI-Based LMS: Supporting The Independent Curriculum In High Schools. Al-Ishlah: Jurnal Pendidikan, 17(1), 842–857. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v17i1.6169
Taek, Madu, & Liunima. (2025). Analysis Of The Ability Of Technological, Pedagogical, Content Knowledge (TPACK) Of Senior High School Teachers In Developing Learning Tools. Journal Of Survey In Fisheries Sciences, 11(3), 10–21. https://doi.org/10.53555/sfs.v11i3.2232
Tanjung, Festiyed, Diliarosta, Asrizal, Arsih, & Fadillah. (2025). Developing The Physics Learning Management System (PLMS) To Support Blended Learning Models. International Journal Of Information And Education Technology (IJIET), 15(1). https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2025.15.1.2214
Taufik, & Rusdi. (2024). Teachers' Challenges And Strategies In Facing The Digitalization Era In Islamic Education In Madrasahs In West Java Region. West Science Islamic Studies, 2(4), 184–190. https://doi.org/10.58812/wsiss.v2i04.1348
Tondeur, J., Van Braak, J., Ertmer, PA, & Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A. (2017). Memahami Hubungan Antara Keyakinan Pedagogis Guru Dan Penggunaan Teknologi Dalam Pendidikan. Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pendidikan, 65 (3), 555–575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-016-9481-2
Trust, T., Carpenter, JP, & Krutka, DG (2017). Melangkah Melampaui Sekat-Sekat: Jaringan Pembelajaran Profesional Di Pendidikan Tinggi. Internet Dan Pendidikan Tinggi, 35 , 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2017.06.001
Venkatesh, V., Thong, JYL, & Xu, X. (2017). Penerimaan Dan Penggunaan Teknologi Informasi Oleh Konsumen: Memperluas Teori Terpadu Penerimaan Dan Penggunaan Teknologi. MIS Quarterly, 41 (3), 807–871. https://doi.org/10.25300/misq/2017/41.3.03
Wahjusaputri, Nastiti, Bunyamin, & Sukmawati. (2024). Development Of Artificial Intelligence-Based Teaching Factory In Vocational High Schools In Central Java Province. Journal Of Education And Learning (Edulearn), 18(4), 1234–1245.
Williamson, B. (2017). Big Data Dalam Pendidikan: Masa Depan Digital Pembelajaran, Kebijakan Dan Praktik. British Journal Of Educational Technology, 48 (2), 463–476. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12441
Williamson, B., & Eynon, R. (2020). Benang Merah Historis, Mata Rantai Yang Hilang, Dan Arah Masa Depan AI Dalam Pendidikan. British Journal Of Educational Technology, 51 (6), 2239–2252. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12920
Winandar, & Rifandi. (2025). Learning Management System In Optimizing Distance And Independent Learning In Open High School. Journal Of Innovation And Research In Primary Education, 4(4), 2314–2323. https://doi.org/10.56916/jirpe.v4i4.2082
Winandar, R., & Rifandi, R. (2025). Analisis Penggunaan Moodle Sebagai LMS Di SMA Negeri. Jurnal Sistem Pembelajaran, 6 (1), 1–14.
Winkler, R., & Söllner, M. (2018). Memanfaatkan Potensi Chatbot Dalam Pendidikan: Analisis Terkini. Komputer & Pendidikan, 122, 23–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.03.001
World Bank. (2020). Cost-Effective Approaches To Improve Global Learning: What Does Recent Evidence Tell Us Are “Smart Buys” For Improving Learning In Low- And Middle-Income Countries?.https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/719211603835247448
Zaitun, Mu'minin, & Yanuarsih. (2025). Development Of Contextual And AI-Based E-Learning Media To Increase Poetry Writing Creativity. Inovasi Kurikulum, 22(3), 1771–1784. https://doi.org/10.64014/jik.v22i3.107
Zawacki-Richter, O., Marín, VI, Bond, M., & Gouverneur, F. (2019). Tinjauan Sistematis Penelitian Tentang Aplikasi Kecerdasan Buatan Di Pendidikan Tinggi. Jurnal Internasional Teknologi Pendidikan Di Pendidikan Tinggi, 16 (39). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0171-0
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 MANAJERIAL : Jurnal Inovasi Manajemen dan Supervisi Pendidikan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
