EVALUASI IMPLEMENTASI KAWASAN TANPA ROKOK PADA TEMPAT PROSES BELAJAR MENGAJAR DI KOTA AMBON
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/educational.v5i3.6919Keywords:
George Edward III, Implementasi Kebijakan, Kawasan Tanpa Rokok, Kota Ambon, Satuan PendidikanAbstract
Smoking habits among adolescents pose a serious challenge to tobacco control efforts in Indonesia. As a preventive measure, the Ambon City Government enacted Regional Regulation No. 4 of 2020 concerning Smoke-Free Areas (SFA). However, its implementation in educational institutions has not been optimal. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the SFA policy in primary and secondary schools in Ambon City using George Edward III’s policy implementation framework, which includes communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. This research employed a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach. Data were collected through observations and semi-structured interviews with school principals, teachers, students, public health center officers, and health office personnel. Data analysis was conducted using the interactive model by Miles and Huberman. The findings indicate that the implementation of the SFA policy remains symbolic and relies heavily on individual initiative, lacking systemic support. Key obstacles include inconsistent policy communication, limited resources, low implementer commitment, and the absence of standardized operational procedures in schools. Nevertheless, strategic opportunities exist through the revision of regional regulations, budgetary support, and the integration of religious values in faith-based private schools. Inconsistent policy communication, limited resources, low implementer disposition in several schools, and weak bureaucratic structures are the primary obstacles. Although examples of good practices exist, particularly in faith-based private schools, overall SFA policy implementation in schools has yet to be optimize
ABSTRAK
Kebiasaan merokok pada remaja menjadi tantangan serius dalam pengendalian tembakau di Indonesia. Sebagai upaya pencegahan, Pemerintah Kota Ambon menetapkan Peraturan Daerah No. 4 Tahun 2020 tentang Kawasan Tanpa Rokok (KTR), namun implementasinya di satuan pendidikan belum berjalan optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pelaksanaan kebijakan KTR di sekolah dasar dan menengah di Kota Ambon dengan menggunakan kerangka implementasi George Edward III, yang mencakup aspek komunikasi, sumber daya, disposisi, dan struktur birokrasi. Studi ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara semi-terstruktur dengan kepala sekolah, guru, siswa, serta petugas puskesmas, dan petugas dinas kesehatan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan pendekatan interaktif menurut Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan KTR masih bersifat simbolis dan bergantung pada inisiatif individu, tanpa dukungan sistemik yang kuat. Hambatan utama terletak pada komunikasi kebijakan yang tidak konsisten, keterbatasan sumber daya, rendahnya komitmen pelaksana, serta belum adanya prosedur operasional yang baku di sekolah. Meskipun demikian, terdapat peluang strategis melalui revisi peraturan daerah, dukungan anggaran, serta nilai-nilai religius di sekolah swasta berbasis agama. komunikasi kebijakan yang tidak konsisten, keterbatasan sumber daya, rendahnya disposisi pelaksana di sebagian sekolah, serta lemahnya struktur birokrasi menjadi penghambat utama. Meskipun terdapat praktik baik, khususnya di sekolah swasta berbasis nilai agama, secara umum pelaksanaan KTR belum optimal.
Downloads
References
Al Shiddiqy, M. I., Saputra, F., & Yulia, D. (2024). Strategi implementasi kebijakan kawasan tanpa rokok (KTR) di wilayah kerja Kecamatan Jambi Selatan Kota Jambi tahun 2023. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, 13(06), 418–428. https://doi.org/10.33221/jikm.v13i06.3264
Asyary, A., & Veruswati, M. (2023). Smoking behavior and cigarette expenditure in a household: Evidence for smoke-free houses initiation in Indonesia. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 14(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_113_21
Bryazka, D., Reitsma, M. B., Abate, Y. H., Abd Al Magied, A. H., Abdelkader, A., Abdollahi, A., ... & Behnoush, A. H. (2024). Forecasting the effects of smoking prevalence scenarios on years of life lost and life expectancy from 2022 to 2050: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. The Lancet Public Health, 9(10), e729–e744. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpub/article/PIIS2468-2667(24)00166-X/fulltext
Faisal, D. R., Putra, O., & Nadira, N. A. (2022). Factors associated with smoking behaviour among Indonesian students: Analysis of the 2019 Global Youth Tobacco Survey. Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive, 10(2), 140–149. https://doi.org/10.53638/phpma.2022.v10.i2.p05
Gadsden, T., Mabunda, S. A., Palagyi, A., Maharani, A., Sujarwoto, S., Baddeley, M., & Jan, S. (2021). Performance-based incentives and community health workers’ outputs: A systematic review. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 99(11), 805. doi: 10.2471/BLT.20.285218
Khairatunnisa, K., & Telaumbanua, I. P. (2021). Implementasi kebijakan kawasan tanpa rokok (KTR) di SMA Negeri 17 Medan. JUMANTIK (Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian Kesehatan), 6(3), 247–255. http://dx.doi.org/10.30829/jumantik.v6i3.8918
Kunst, A. E. (2021a). Tobacco use in young people: Being emic to end the epidemic. The Lancet Public Health, 6(7), e439–e440. https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S2468-2667%2821%2900114-6
Kunst, A. E. (2021b). Commentary on Titus et al.: Understanding how smoke?free policies can contribute to smoke?free generations. Addiction, 117(3), 739. doi: 10.1111/add.15748
Liziawati, M., & Ayuningtyas, D. (2024). Literature review: Implementasi kawasan tanpa rokok tatanan sekolah di Indonesia. Jurnal Review Pendidikan dan Pengajaran, 7(4), 17040–17052. https://journal.universitaspahlawan.ac.id/index.php/jrpp/article/download/38515/24650/127090
Noviafni, F. B., & Khaidir, A. (2019). Implementasi Peraturan No. 24 Tahun 2012 tentang Kawasan Tanpa Rokok dalam upaya penciptaan Kota Padang sebagai Kota Layak Anak. Ranah Research: Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 1(3), 453–463. https://jurnal.ranahresearch.com/index.php/R2J/article/view/77
Pradhan, A., Oswal, K., Adhikari, K., Singh, A., Kanodia, R., Sethuraman, L., ... & Purushotham, A. (2021). Key drivers to implement an evidence-based tobacco control programme in schools of India: A mixed-methods study. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 22(2), 419. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.419
Ridwan, M., Syukri, M., Solida, A., Kalsum, U., & Ahsan, A. (2023). Assessing the policy of non-smoking areas in schools in Indonesia: A mixed methods study. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 24(10), 3411. https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCP.2023.24.10.3411
Savira, N., Indriani, I., Nasution, D. A. Z., Putri, A., & Irwanda, R. (2025). Peran dan pentingnya komunikasi dalam implementasi kawasan tanpa rokok di Kota Medan. Sosial Simbiosis: Jurnal Integrasi Ilmu Sosial dan Politik, 2(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.62383/sosial.v2i1.1030
Sulistiadi, W., Veruswati, M., Asyary, A., Herawati, M. H., Wulandari, R. A., & Haryanto, B. (2020). Smoke-free zone in Indonesia: Who is doing what now. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 8(E), 322–324. https://oamjms.eu/index.php/mjms/article/view/4091
Syatriani, S., & Asri, B. (2022). Implementasi kebijakan kawasan tanpa rokok di SMPN 1 Anggeraja Kabupaten Enrekang. Indonesian Red Crescent Humanitarian Journal, 1(1), 12–25. https://doi.org/10.56744/irchum.v1i1.17
Trisnowati, H., & Marlinawati, U. (2020). Monitoring kepatuhan peraturan kawasan tanpa rokok di lingkungan sekolah Kota Yogyakarta. Disease Prevention and Public Health Journal, 14(1), 6. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/490598272.pdf
Warouw, T. S., Indriasih, E., Raharni, R., Tarigan, I. U., Siahaan, S., Faisal, D. R., ... & Susianti, N. (2023). What is the current picture of secondhand smoke exposure among never-smoker adolescents in Indonesia? Asian Journal of Social Health and Behavior, 6(4), 164–173. https://doi.org/10.4103/shb.shb_266_23
Widati, S., Martini, S., Artanti, K. D., Megatsari, H., Wiseman, N., & Harris, N. (2022). The advocacy and communication of smoke-free area regulation in East Java, Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Health Administration, 10(2), 232–240. https://doi.org/10.20473/jaki.v10i2.2022.232-240
Winarno, B. (2016). Kebijakan publik era globalisasi: Teori, proses, dan studi kasus komparatif (Ed. 1). CAPS.
Yunarman, S., Munandar, A., Ahsan, A., Akbarjono, A., & Kusuma, D. (2021). Opportunities and challenges of tobacco control policy at district level in Indonesia: A qualitative analysis. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 22(10), 3055. https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3055
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 EDUCATIONAL : Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan & Pengajaran

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.