POLA KOMUNIKASI PERSUASIF PROMOSI KESEHATAN DINAS KESEHATAN DALAM PENCEGAHAN KASUS DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE DI KECAMATAN KARANGASEM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/knowledge.v6i3.15621Keywords:
Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD), Komunikasi Persuasif, Promosi KesehatanAbstract
ABSTRACT
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) cases in Karangasem Regency, particularly in Karangasem Subdistrict, continue to increase, reaching 518 cases in 2025. Although Health Promotion (Promkes) activities have been implemented, a gap remains between the delivery of health messages and preventive actions in the community. This descriptive qualitative study aims to analyze the persuasive communication patterns of the Health Promotion (Promkes) unit of the Karangasem Regency Health Office in DHF prevention, the factors influencing them, and their implications for the community. Informants were selected through purposive sampling, and data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis, and subsequently analyzed using the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM), Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) Theory, and Behaviorism. The results show that persuasive communication is conducted through interpersonal, group, and mass communication by combining the central route, involving facts, data, and discussions, with the peripheral route, involving visual media, educational videos, local language, and emotional appeals. The effectiveness of communication is influenced by message content and delivery, environmental conditions, the community's level of education, limited human resources and funding, as well as the persistence of the community and Health Promotion (Promkes) officers. Persuasive communication contributes to increased awareness and knowledge and encourages changes in DHF preventive behavior through the implementation of the 3M Movement and routine environmental cleaning. Thus, adaptive, contextual, and consistent persuasive communication is an important strategy for strengthening community preventive actions against DHF.
ABSTRAK
Kasus Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) di Kabupaten Karangasem, khususnya Kecamatan Karangasem, terus meningkat hingga mencapai 518 kasus pada tahun 2025. Meskipun Promosi Kesehatan (Promkes) telah dilaksanakan, masih terdapat kesenjangan antara penyampaian pesan kesehatan dan tindakan pencegahan di masyarakat. Penelitian kualitatif deskriptif ini bertujuan menganalisis pola komunikasi persuasif Promkes Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Karangasem dalam pencegahan DBD, faktor yang memengaruhinya, serta implikasinya terhadap masyarakat. Informan dipilih secara purposive sampling dan data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara semi-terstruktur, serta studi dokumen, kemudian dianalisis dengan pendekatan Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM), Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR), dan Behaviorisme. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komunikasi persuasif dilakukan melalui komunikasi interpersonal, kelompok, dan massa dengan memadukan rute sentral berupa fakta, data, dan diskusi serta rute periferal berupa media visual, video edukasi, bahasa daerah, dan pendekatan emosional. Efektivitas komunikasi dipengaruhi oleh isi dan cara penyampaian pesan, kondisi lingkungan, tingkat pendidikan masyarakat, keterbatasan SDM dan dana, serta ketekunan masyarakat dan petugas Promkes. Komunikasi persuasif berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan kesadaran dan pengetahuan serta mendorong perubahan perilaku pencegahan DBD melalui penerapan Gerakan 3M dan pembersihan lingkungan secara rutin. Dengan demikian, komunikasi persuasif yang adaptif, kontekstual, dan konsisten menjadi strategi penting dalam memperkuat tindakan preventif masyarakat terhadap DBD.
Downloads
References
Alfalakh, A. R. (2023). The influence of 3M Plus behavioral factors on the incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in Indonesia: A meta analysis. Media Gizi Kesmas, 12(1), 494–502. https://doi.org/10.20473/mgk.v12i1.2023.494-502
Arfan, I., Sulistyorini, L., Sulistyowati, M., Syahrul, F., Junaidi, H., & Rizky, A. (2024). Benefits and barriers of community participation in dengue control: A systematic review. African Journal of Reproductive Health, 28(10), 482–498. https://doi.org/10.29063/ajrh2024/v28i10s.49
Destiwati, R., & Wafa, U. (2024). Strategi Komunikasi Tenaga Kesehatan Melalui Program Promosi Kesehatan. Indonesian Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences , 5(2), 697–710. https://ejournal.uit-lirboyo.ac.id/index.php/IJHSS/article/view/5627
Diptyanusa, A., Kusumasari, R. A., & Satoto, T. B. T. (2020). Health belief model of persistent dengue transmission in Klaten, Indonesia. American Journal of Health Behavior, 44(2), 188–199. https://doi.org/10.5993/AJHB.44.2.7
Effendi, S. U., Shaluhiyah, Z., & Widagdo, L. (2018). Persepsi masyarakat tentang isi media promosi kesehatan Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) di Kota Bengkulu. HIGIENE: Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan, 4(2), 99–108. https://journal.uin-alauddin.ac.id/index.php/higiene/article/view/5856
Ghazali, M., Rosli, A., Ibrahim, N., & Hisham, H. (2022). A conceptual design for COMBI dengue prevention based on an integrated psychology and persuasive technology models. International Journal of Innovative Computing, 12(1), 99–106. https://doi.org/10.11113/ijic.v12n1.340
Ha, P. D. T. (2025). Persuasive strategies in WHO's dengue awareness posters: ELM-based content design in Vietnam. Jurnal PIKMA: Publikasi Ilmu Komunikasi Media Dan Cinema, 7(2), 443–460. https://doi.org/10.24076/pikma.v7i2.2014
Hidayat, M., Hesty, H., Indrawati, I., Maimaznah, M., & Sari, M. T. (2024). Upaya peningkatan perilaku masyarakat melalui edukasi pencegahan dbd di kelurahan legok kota jambi. Jurnal Abdimas Kesehatan (JAK), 6(3), 481–486. https://doi.org/10.36565/jak.v6i3.751
Lam, C., Huang, Z., & Shen, L. (2022). Infographics and the elaboration likelihood model (ELM): Differences between visual and textual health messages. Journal of Health Communication, 27(10), 737–745. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2022.2157909
Lin, C.-H., Chang, Y.-J., & Lu, H.-Y. (2025). Tailoring dengue health communication: Survey-based strategies to reduce message fatigue across risk areas. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 19(5), e0012723. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0012723
Makrufardi, F., Phillabertha, P. S., Safika, E. L., & Sungkono. (2021). Factors associated with dengue prevention behaviour in riverbank area: A cross-sectional study. Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 66, 102450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102450
Martiningsih, I., Trisnowati, H., & Sulistyawati, S. (2025). Strategi promosi kesehatan untuk pencegahan dan pengendalian demam berdarah dengue: Studi kualitatif di Kota Yogyakarta. PREPOTIF: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 9(2), 6567–6575. https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v9i2.48682
Nasution, S. (2020). Kekuatan di luar media visual dan pemberdayaan siswa pemantau jentik. Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 17(2), 267–286. https://doi.org/10.24002/jik.v17i2.1744
Pangestika, K. A., & Aisyah, V. N. (2024). Analisis pesan persuasif dalam kampanye pencegahan stunting. CARAKA: Indonesia Journal of Communication, 5(1), 52–67. https://doi.org/10.25008/caraka.v5i1.105
Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). Communication and persuasion: Central and peripheral routes to attitude change. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4964-1
Puspitasari, D. A., Hadi, S., & Lala, H. (2024). Pengaruh pemberdayaan kader Jumantik terhadap perilaku pencegahan demam berdarah dengue di Karangbesuki Malang. Journal of Health Research Science, 4(02), 168–176. https://doi.org/10.34305/jhrs.v4i2.1223
Rakhmani, A. N., & Zuhriyah, L. (2024). Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding dengue prevention among health volunteers in an urban area – Malang, Indonesia. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, 57(2), 176–184. https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.484
Raza, S. H., Iftikhar, M., Mohamad, B., Pembecio?lu, N., & Altaf, M. (2020). Precautionary behavior toward dengue virus through public service advertisement: Mediation of the Individual’s Attention, Information Surveillance, and Elaboration. SAGE Open, 10(2). 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020929301
Ridha, M. R., Aisyah, S., Triana, Y., Priono, M., & Jumriadi. (2023). Improving community knowledge and behavior in the One House One Jumantik program in dengue control. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 18(3), 423–430. https://doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v18i3.40525
Rokhmayanti, R., Andani, R., Sunia, T. A., Rizka, J., Nursyavidha, N., Nurmalasari, N., & Ishmah, Z. (2020). Komunikasi, informasi, dan edukasi (KIE) dalam upaya pencegahan penyakit leptospirosis dan demam berdarah dengue (DBD) di Dusun Jaranan, Banguntapan, Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Jurnal Pemberdayaan: Publikasi Hasil Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 4(1), 105–112. https://doi.org/10.12928/jp.v4i1.2024
Sutriyawan, A., Darmawan, W., Akbar, H., Habibi, J., & Fibrianti, F. (2022). Faktor yang mempengaruhi pemberantasan sarang nyamuk (PSN) melalui 3M Plus dalam upaya pencegahan demam berdarah dengue (DBD). Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, 11(1), 23–32. https://journals.uima.ac.id/index.php/jikm/article/view/936
Watson, J. B. (1913). Psychology as the behaviorist views it. Psychological Review, 20(2), 158–177. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0074428
