ANALISIS SPASIAL KERAWANAN KEKERINGAN MENGGUNAKAN WEIGHTED OVERLAY DI KABUPATEN GOWA, SULAWESI SELATAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/cendekia.v6i2.9105Keywords:
Kekeringan, Weighted Overlay, Analisis SpasialAbstract
ABSTRACT
Drought is a hydrometeorological disaster that has a major impact on water availability and agricultural sustainability. This study maps drought vulnerability levels in Gowa Regency using a Geographic Information System–based weighted overlay method with seven parameters, namely rainfall, soil type, slope, elevation, distance from rivers, land use, and vegetation density, which were analyzed through weighting techniques and equal interval classification in ArcGIS 10.3. The results show that the study area is divided into five vulnerability classes: very low (6.10%), low (33.48%), moderate (39.31%), high (17.76%), and very high (3.35%), with spatial patterns varying across districts. Most areas fall within the low to moderate vulnerability categories, while high vulnerability is mainly found in wetland and dryland agricultural zones that experience high pressure on water use. These findings indicate that the weighted overlay–based geospatial approach is effective in depicting the spatial distribution of drought vulnerability and can serve as a basis for water resource management planning, risk mitigation, and strengthening food security in Gowa Regency.
ABSTRAK
Kekeringan merupakan bencana hidrometeorologi yang berdampak besar terhadap ketersediaan air dan keberlanjutan pertanian. Penelitian ini memetakan tingkat kerawanan kekeringan di Kabupaten Gowa menggunakan metode weighted overlay berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis dengan tujuh parameter, yaitu curah hujan, jenis tanah, kemiringan lereng, ketinggian, jarak dari sungai, penggunaan lahan, dan kerapatan vegetasi yang dianalisis melalui teknik pembobotan dan klasifikasi equal interval pada ArcGIS 10.3. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa wilayah penelitian terbagi ke dalam lima kelas kerawanan, yaitu sangat rendah (6,10%), rendah (33,48%), sedang (39,31%), tinggi (17,76%), dan sangat tinggi (3,35%) dengan pola spasial yang bervariasi antar kecamatan. Sebagian besar wilayah berada pada kategori rendah hingga sedang, sementara tingkat kerawanan tinggi terutama ditemukan pada kawasan pertanian lahan basah dan lahan kering yang memiliki tekanan penggunaan air yang besar. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan geospasial berbasis weighted overlay efektif untuk menggambarkan distribusi kerawanan kekeringan dan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai dasar perencanaan pengelolaan sumber daya air, mitigasi risiko, dan penguatan ketahanan pangan di Kabupaten Gowa.
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