HUBUNGAN INFEKSI SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTH DENGAN ANGKA RETIKULOSIT, KADAR HEMOGLOBIN DAN PERILAKU HIDUP BERSIH & SEHAT PADA ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/cendekia.v5i2.5710Keywords:
Soil Transmitted Helminth, Retikulosit, Hemoglobin, PHBSAbstract
Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are a significant public health problem, especially in tropical and subtropical countries with limited sanitation. Transmission occurs through soil contaminated with the feces of infected individuals, which contain helminth eggs such as Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm) and Trichuris trichiura (whipworm), as well as hookworm larvae. This study aims to analyze the relationship between STH infection and hematological status (reticulocyte count and hemoglobin level) and Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) in vulnerable elementary school students. Using a cross-sectional design, the study involved 44 students at SDN Sobontoro 2. The results showed that 23% of students (10 children) tested positive for STH infection. Statistical analysis using the Spearman test found no significant correlation between STH infection and reticulocyte count (p=0.072) or hemoglobin level (p=0.124). However, a very significant relationship was found between STH infection and PHBS (p=0.000). These findings underline that poor PHBS practices are a major risk factor that directly contributes to high rates of STH infections.
ABSTRAK
Infeksi cacing usus yang ditularkan melalui tanah, atau Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH), merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang signifikan, terutama di negara-negara tropis dan subtropis dengan sanitasi terbatas. Penularannya terjadi melalui tanah yang terkontaminasi tinja penderita, yang mengandung telur cacing seperti Ascaris lumbricoides (cacing gelang) dan Trichuris trichiura (cacing cambuk), serta larva cacing tambang (hookworm). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara infeksi STH dengan status hematologis (angka retikulosit dan kadar hemoglobin) serta Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) pada siswa sekolah dasar yang rentan. Menggunakan desain cross-sectional, penelitian melibatkan 44 siswa di SDN Sobontoro 2. Hasil menunjukkan 23% siswa (10 anak) positif terinfeksi STH. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji Spearman tidak menemukan korelasi signifikan antara infeksi STH dengan angka retikulosit (p=0,072) maupun kadar hemoglobin (p=0,124). Namun, ditemukan hubungan yang sangat signifikan antara infeksi STH dan PHBS (p=0,000). Temuan ini menggarisbawahi bahwa praktik PHBS yang buruk adalah faktor risiko utama yang berkontribusi langsung terhadap tingginya angka infeksi STH.
Downloads
References
Al-Muzaky, A. H., et al. (2019). Hubungan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat dengan kejadian infestasi Soil–transmitted Helminths pada pekerja perkebunan kopi Sumber Wadung Kabupaten Jember. Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan: Publikasi Ilmiah Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya, 6(1), 7–15. https://doi.org/10.32539/jkk.v6i1.7233
Aninagyei, E., et al. (2020). Enteroparasitism in hard-to-reach community dwellers: A cross-sectional study in Ga West Municipality in Ghana. Journal of Parasitology Research, 2020, 1. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8890998
Anwar, C., et al. (2018). The relationship between Soil Transmitted Helminthes (STH) infection and nutritional status in students of State Elementary School Number (SDN) 200 Palembang Indonesia. Bioscientia Medicina Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research, 2(2), 42. https://doi.org/10.32539/bsm.v2i2.39
Bestari, S. A., et al. (2023). A diet high in protein and fiber changes the gut microbiota of colorectal cancer rat model. Food Research, 7(3), 221–226.
Cahyono, J. A., et al. (2023). Prediction of hemoglobin levels and eosinophil counts due to Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) infection in elementary school students in the river banks area, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Journal of Law and Sustainable Development, 11(11), e1375.
Dwinata, M., et al. (2018). Parasit saluran pencernaan sapi Bali yang dipelihara di Tempat Pembuangan Akhir Suwung Denpasar. Buletin Veteriner Udayana, 10(2), 162. https://doi.org/10.24843/bulvet.2018.v10.i02.p09
Fuadah, D. Z., et al. (2022). Edukasi berbasis Android tentang perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS) pada remaja dimasa pandemi Covid-19. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 1(1), 248. https://doi.org/10.33086/snpm.v1i1.806
Gunarti, A. S. S., et al. (2020, April). Unconfined compression strength of soil using silica sand waste and dust sand foundry as a stabilizer. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1517, No. 1, p. 012028). IOP Publishing.
Koty, P. D., et al. (2021). Identifikasi dan prevalensi parasit cacing saluran pencernaan pada ternak sapi yang digembalakan di Tempat Pembuangan Akhir Sampah Puuwatu Kota Kendari. Jurnal Ilmiah Peternakan Halu Oleo, 2(4). https://doi.org/10.56625/jipho.v2i4.16938
Kusuma, A. N. (2019). Determinan personal hygiene pada anak usia 9–12 tahun. Faletehan Health Journal, 6(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.33746/fhj.v6i1.47
Lukiyono, Y. T., et al. (2020). Integration of attached growth and suspended growth methods for processing the liquid waste of pathology laboratory of Surabaya E-Lab Clinic.
Nainggolan, W. R. (2022). Perilaku buang air besar sembarangan dan penyakit kecacingan pada masyarakat di daerah pesisir. Journal of Social Research, 1(8), 902–907. https://doi.org/10.55324/josr.v1i8.183
Novianty, S., et al. (2018). Risk factors for soil-transmitted helminthiasis in preschool children living in farmland, North Sumatera, Indonesia. Journal of Tropical Medicine, 2018, 1. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6706413
Parija, S. C., et al. (2017). Epidemiology and clinical features of soil-transmitted helminths. Tropical Parasitology, 7(2), 81. https://doi.org/10.4103/tp.tp_27_17
Pratiwi, D. I. N., & Nasution, E. S. (2022). Edukasi cuci tangan yang baik dan benar guna pencegahan penularan Covid-19 di MIS Annur Prima Medan. Unri Conference Series Community Engagement, 3, 346. https://doi.org/10.31258/unricsce.3.346-350
Ramayanti, I., & Ghiffari, A. (2019). Factors of soil-transmitted helminths infections in children who live in the surrounding of the final disposal landfill of Sukawinatan, Palembang. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1246(1), 12045. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1246/1/012045
Riswanda, Z., & Kurniawan, B. (2016). Infeksi Soil-Transmitted Helminth: Ascariasis, Trichiuriasis dan cacing tambang. Medical Journal of Lampung University, 5(5), 61–68.
Sastrawan, I. G. G., et al. (2020). Risk factors of soil transmitted helminth infection among primary school students. Health Science Journal of Indonesia, 11(2), 126.
Setegn, A., et al. (2024). Hookworm infection and its determinants among schoolchildren in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infectious Diseases, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-10309-z
Setyaningsih, A. (2020). Kebijakan food security: Arah kebijakan dan strategi ketahanan pangan pemerintah Indonesia. Journal of Governance Innovation, 2(1), 77–82.
Sulastri, D., et al. (2020). Gambaran kejadian infeksi kecacingan, kadar seng dan kadar hemoglobin pada anak usia sekolah dasar di Kota Makassar. JGMI: The Journal of Indonesian Community Nutrition, 9.
Sungkar, S., et al. (2024). Profil eritrosit dan zat besi pada anak-anak yang terinfeksi cacing parasit yang tertularkan melalui tanah di daerah pedesaan di Banten, Indonesia [Manuskrip tidak diterbitkan].
