EFEKTIVITAS HFMEA DAN RISK REGISTER TERHADAP PENURUNAN INSIDEN KESELAMATAN PASIEN DI RUANG CAMAR RSUD AJIBARANG
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/budgeting.v1i2.15475Keywords:
HFMEA, Keselamatan Pasien, Risk RegisterAbstract
ABSTRACT
Patient safety is an important component of hospital service quality, while Patient Safety Incidents (PSIs) may be triggered by failures in healthcare delivery systems. The Camar Ward of Ajibarang Regional Hospital has potential risks involving patient falls and miscommunication during handover processes. This study aimed to analyze the use of Hazard Scores in Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (HFMEA) as a basis for prioritizing risks in the Risk Register and examining changes in PSI trends following mitigation interventions. The study employed an action research approach with a pre-post design based on retrospective and prospective data. Eight failure modes were analyzed based on Severity and Probability to determine Hazard Scores, after which failure modes with scores ≥8 were prioritized in the Risk Register to guide mitigation interventions. Trends in near-miss incidents and adverse events were compared between January–March and April–June 2026. The results showed that 5 of 8 failure modes had Hazard Scores ≥8, with the highest score of 12 identified for the risks of patient falls from beds and miscommunication during handovers. Following the intervention, the average number of near-miss incidents decreased from 6 to 1 incident per month, while adverse events decreased from an average of 3.3 incidents per month, with no cases reported in May–June 2026. These findings indicate that HFMEA can support risk prioritization and guide mitigation measures associated with changes in PSI trends.
ABSTRAK
Keselamatan pasien merupakan dimensi penting dalam mutu pelayanan rumah sakit, sedangkan Insiden Keselamatan Pasien (IKP) dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai kegagalan dalam sistem pelayanan. Ruang Camar RSUD Ajibarang sebagai unit pelayanan neurologi memiliki potensi risiko keselamatan pasien, antara lain risiko jatuh dan miskomunikasi pada proses timbang terima. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis penggunaan Hazard Score dalam Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (HFMEA) sebagai dasar penentuan prioritas risiko pada Risk Register serta mengamati perubahan tren IKP setelah penerapan intervensi mitigasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kaji tindak (action research) dengan rancangan pre-post berbasis data retrospektif dan prospektif. Pada tahap awal, delapan modus kegagalan dianalisis menggunakan HFMEA berdasarkan nilai Severity dan Probability untuk memperoleh Hazard Score, kemudian modus dengan skor ≥8 diprioritaskan dan dimasukkan ke dalam Risk Register sebagai dasar penyusunan intervensi mitigasi. Selanjutnya, tren IKP berupa Kejadian Nyaris Cedera (KNC) dan Kejadian Tidak Diharapkan (KTD) dibandingkan antara periode Januari–Maret 2026 dan April–Juni 2026. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa 5 dari 8 modus kegagalan memiliki Hazard Score ≥8, dengan skor tertinggi 12 pada risiko pasien jatuh dari tempat tidur dan miskomunikasi saat timbang terima. Setelah implementasi intervensi mitigasi berbasis Risk Register, rata-rata KNC menunjukkan penurunan dari 6 insiden/bulan menjadi 1 insiden/bulan, sedangkan rata-rata KTD menurun dari 3,3 insiden/bulan dan tidak ditemukan kasus pada Mei dan Juni 2026. Temuan tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa penggunaan Hazard Score dalam HFMEA dapat membantu menentukan prioritas risiko dan penerapan mitigasi yang berkaitan dengan perubahan tren IKP di Ruang Camar RSUD Ajibarang.
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